Page 80 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

46 Chapter 2

6 to 11. For positive pressure ventilation, match the volume and pressure changes with the respective reasons.

Pressure or Volume Changes Reasons
6. Increase in intrathoracic A. Decreased venous return to right ventricle leads
pressure to lower right ventricular output.
7. Decrease in venous return or B. Decreased right ventricular stroke volume and
central venous pressure pulmonary artery pressure lead to lower left ven-
tricular input and output.
8. Decrease in right ventricular C. Higher intrathoracic pressure impedes systemic
stroke volume blood return to right ventricle.
9. Decrease in pulmonary arterial D. Positive pressure applied to the lungs causes
pressure compression against the chest wall.
10. Decrease in ventricular filling E. Decreased right ventricular stroke volume leads
pressures to lower blood volume (pressure) in the pulmo-
nary arteries.

11. Decrease in left ventricular F. Lower blood volume entering and leaving the

stroke volume ventricles.

12 to 15. For positive end-expiratory pressure, match the pressure and cardiac output changes with the respec-
tive reasons. Some answers may be used more than once.

Pressure or Cardiac Output Changes Reasons
I
12. Increase in pulmonary artery A. ncrease in pulmonary artery pressure
pressure causes a higher right ventricular pres-
sure and hinders the blood return from
systemic circulation to right heart. This
causes backup of blood flow and in-
crease in pressure in the systemic venous
circulation.

13. Increase in central venous pressure (CVP) B. This is due to the significant increase in
intrathoracic pressure and significant de-
crease in left and right ventricular stroke
volumes.

14. Decrease in aortic pressure C. PEEP and positive pressure applied to the
lungs cause significant compression of
pulmonary blood vessels.

15. Decrease in cardiac output

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.