Page 789 - Cardiac Nursing

6
/
/
6
/
0
0
2
1
1
2:0
009
2
009
009
/
68.
68.
qx
68.
5
3-7
3-7
qx
0
0
0
3
d
d
3
2:0
e 7
e 7
6
g
Pa
Pa
g
6
Apt
ara
ara
Apt
6
5
5
M
A
A
A
A
2:0
4 A
4 A
A
A
M
M
A
A
A
A
p7
LWB
LWBK340-c32_p7553-768.qxd 30/06/2009 12:04 AM Page 765 Aptara
K34
LWB
p7
32_
32_
0-c
K34
0-c
K34
C HAPTER 32 / Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors 765
24. Dawber, T. R. (1980). The Framingham Study: The epidemiology of ather- 49. Bostom, A. G., Cupples, L. A., Jenner, J. L., et al. (1996). Elevated
osclerotic disease. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. plasma lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease in men aged 55 years
6
25. Croft, P., & Hannaford, P. C. (1989). Risk factors for acute myocardial and younger: A prospective study. JAMA, 276, 544–548.
6
infarction in women: Evidence from the Royal College of General Prac- 50. Bostom, A. G., Gagnon, D. R., Cupples, L. A., et al. (1994). A prospec-
titioners’ oral contraception study. BMJ, 298, 165–168. tive investigation of elevated lipoprotein(a) detected by electrophoresis
8
26. LaVecchia, C., Franceshi, S., Decarli, A., et al. (1987). Risk factors for and cardiovascular disease in women: The Framingham Heart Study.
0
myocardial infarction in young women. American Journal of Epidemiol- Circulation, 90, 1688–1695.
0
5
5
ogy, 125, 832–843. 51. Stein, J. H., & Rosenson, R. S. (1997). Lipoprotein Lp(a) excess and
27. Rosenberg, L., Palmer, J. R., & Shapiro, S. (1990). Decline in the risk of coronary heart disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157, 1170–1176.
7
7
myocardial infarction among women who stop smoking. New England 52. Wong, N. D., Wilson, P. W. F., & Kannel, W. B. (1991). Serum choles-
Journal of Medicine, 322, 213–217. terol as a prognostic factor after myocardial infarction: The Framingham
2
2
5
28. LaCroix, A. Z., & Omenn, G. S. (1992). Older adults and smoking. Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 115, 687–693.
5
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 8, 69–87. 53. Brown, G., Albers, J. J., Fisher, L. D., et al. (1990). Regression of coro-
8
8
29. Kaufman, D. W., Helmrich, S. P., Rosenberg, L., et al. (1983). Nicotine and nary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men
carbon monoxide content of cigarette smoke and the risk of myocardial in- with high levels of apolipoprotein B. New England Journal of Medicine,
farction in young men. New England Journal of Medicine, 308, 409–413. 323, 1289–1298.
8
8
30. Hermanson, B., Omenn, G. S., Kronmal, R. A., et al. (1988). Beneficial 54. Haskell, W. L., et al. (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated
six-year outcome of smoking cessation in older men and women with recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine
6
6
coronary artery disease: Results from the CASS registry. New England and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 116(9), 1081–1093.
Journal of Medicine, 319, 1365–1369. 55. MMWR (2005, October 7). Trends in leisure-time physical inactivity by
31. LaVecchia, C., DeCarli, A., Franceshi, S., et al. (1987). Menstrual and re- age, sex, and race/ethnicity—United States, 1994–2004, 54(39), 991–994.
4
4
productive factors and the risk of myocardial infarction in women under Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm
fifty-five years of age. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 157, 5439a5.htm
1108–1112. 56. Haskell, W. L., Leon, A. S., Caspersen, C. J., et al. (1992). Cardiovascu-
32. Salonen, J. T. (1980). Stopping smoking and long-term mortality after lar benefits and assessment of physical activity and physical fitness in
4
acute myocardial infarction. British Heart Journal, 43, 463–469. adults. Medical Science Sports Exercise, 24(Suppl.), S201–S220.
4
33. Critchley, J., & Capewell, S. (2004). Smoking cessation for the second- 57. Berlin, J. A., & Colditz, G. A. (1990). A meta-analysis of physical activ-
ary prevention of coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database System Re- ity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. American Journal of Epi-
2
view, 1, CD003041. demiology, 132, 612–628.
2
34. Cromwell, J., Bartosch, W. J., Fiore, M. C., et al. (1997). Cost-effectiveness 58. Douglas, P. S., Clarkson, T. B., Flowers, N. C., et al. (1992). Exercise and
of the clinical practice recommendations in the AHCPR guideline for atherosclerotic heart disease in women. Medical Science Sports Exercise,
8
smoking cessation. JAMA, 278, 1759–1766. 23(Suppl.), S266–S276.
35. Kannel, W. B. (1987). Status of risk factors and their consideration in an- 59. Blair, S. N., Kohl, H. W., Paffenbarger, R. S., et al. (1989). Physical fit-
9
tihypertensive therapy. American Journal of Cardiology, 59, 80A–90A. ness and all-cause mortality: A prospective study of healthy men and
9
36. Ertz, R. P., Unger, A. N., Cornell, J. A., et al. (2005). Racial disparities women. JAMA, 262, 2395–2401.
2
2
in hypertension prevalence, awareness, and management. Archives of In- 60. Ekelund, L. G., Haskell, W. L., Johnson, J. L., et al. (1988). Physical fit-
ternal Medicine, 165(18), 2098–2104. ness as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic North
37. Nastos, K., Charney, P., Charon, R. A., et al. (1991). Hypertension in American men: The Lipid Research Clinics mortality follow-up study.
women: What is really known? The Women’s Caucus, Working Group New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 1379–1384.
9
9
on Women’s Health of the Society of General Internal Medicine. Annals 61. Slattery, M. L., & Jacobs, D. R. (1988). Physical fitness and cardiovas-
of Internal Medicine, 115, 287–293. cular disease mortality: The US Railroad Study. American Journal of Epi-
5
5
7
7
38. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. demiology, 127, 571–580.
(1988). Persistence of reduction in blood pressure and mortality of par- 62. Sobolski, J., Kornitzer, M., Backer, G. D., et al. (1987). Protection
ticipants in the hypertension detection and follow-up program. JAMA, against ischemic heart disease in the Belgian physical fitness study: Phys-
9
259, 2113–2122. ical fitness rather than physical activity? American Journal of Epidemiol-
9
5
5
39. Medical Research Council Working Party. (1985). MRC trial of treat- ogy, 125, 601–610.
ment of mild hypertension: Principal results. BMJ, 291, 97–104. 63. Oldridge, N. B., Guyatt, G. H., Fischer, M. E., et al. (1988). Cardiac re-
40. Ramsay, L. E., & Yeo, W. W. (1991). Hypertension and coronary artery habilitation after myocardial infarction, combined experience of ran-
0
0
disease: An unsolved problem. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, domized clinical trials. JAMA, 260, 945–950.
18(Suppl.), S31–S34. 64. Thompson, P. D. (1988). The benefits and risks of exercise training in
41. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. (1991). Prevention of stroke by an- patients with chronic coronary artery disease. JAMA, 259, 1537–1540.
9
9
tihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hy- 65. Taylor, R. S., Brown, A., Ebrahim, S., et al. (2004). Exercise-based reha-
pertension: Final results of the systolic hypertension in the elderly pro- bilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: Systematic review and
5
gram (SHEP). JAMA, 265, 3255–3264. meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of
5
6
42. Bush, T. L., Fried, L. P., & Barrett-Connor, E. (1988). Cholesterol, Medicine, 116(10), 682–692.
6
lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in women. Clinical Chemistry, 66. Pina, I. L., Apstein, C. S., Balady, G. J., et al. (2003). Exercise and heart
34, 660–670. failure, a statement from the American Heart Association Committee on
4
4
7
7
43. Manolio, T. A., Pearson, T. A., Wenger, N. K., et al. (1992). Cholesterol Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention. Circulation, 107, 1210–1225.
and heart disease in older persons and women: Review of an NHLBI 67. Howard, B. V., Rodriques, B. L., Bennett, P. H., et al. (2002). Prevention
2
2
workshop. Annals of Epidemiology, 2, 161–176. Conference VI: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Writing Group I:
44. Wilson, P. W. F. (1990). High-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein Epidemiology. Circulation, 105, e132–e137.
5
5
y
6
6
y
and coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology, 66, 7A–10A. 68. Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., et al. (1987). Coronary
45. Carroll, M. D., Lacher, D. A., Sorlie, P. D., et al. (2005). Trends in serum heart disease risk factors in women: The Nurses’ Health Study experi-
4
4
lipids and lipoproteins of adults, 1960–2002. JAMA, 294(14), ence. In E. D. Eaker, B. Packard, N. K. Wenger, et al. (Eds.), Coronary
1773–1781. heart disease in women (pp. 112–116). New York: Haymarket Doyma.
46. Gaziano, J. M. (1994). Antioxidant vitamins and coronary artery disease 69. Orchard, T. J. (1996). The impact of gender and general risk factors on
risk. American Journal of Medicine, 97, 3A-18S–3A-28S. the occurrence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in non-insulin-depend-
7
7
8
47. Kwiterovich, P. O., Coresh, J., Smith, H. H., et al. (1992). Comparison ent diabetes mellitus. Annals of Medicine, 28, 323–333.
of the plasma levels of apolipoproteins B and A-1, and other risk factors 70. Mitchell, B. D., Haffner, S. M., Huzuda, H. P., et al. (1992). Diabetes
in men and women with premature coronary artery disease. American and coronary heart disease risk in Mexican-Americans. Annals of Epi-
9
2
2
9
Journal of Cardiology, 69, 1015–1021. demiology, 2, 101–106.
48. Austin, M. A., Breslow, J. L., Hennekens, C. H., et al. (1988). Low-density 71. Kuczmarski, R. J., Flegal, K. M., Campbell, S. M. et al. (1994). Increas-
lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA, ing prevalence of overweight among US adults: The National Health and
2
2
0
260, 1917–1921. Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. JAMA, 272, 205–211.
0