Page 101 - Color Atlas Of Pathophysiology (S Silbernagl Et Al, Thieme 2000)

A. Abnormal pH and its Compensation
40
Alkalosis 100 Alkalosis
10
30 Normal 2
50 4
4 5 3 2
HCO3 – (mmol/L) 20 3 Abnormality P CO 2 (mmHg) blood P CO 2 (kPa) 1 of Acidosis and Alkalosis
1

Compensation 20
10
2
Acidosis Acidosis Effects
2 4 6 8 kPa 10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 mmHg 7.0 7.2 7.4 pH 7.6 7.8
P CO 2 blood Plate 4.13
Siggaard-Andersen nomogram
Respiratory abnormality Respiratory compensation
Metabolic abnormality Renal compensation
B. Effects of Acidosis and Alkalosis
Plasma H + Protein Ca 2+
potassium level Cell volume
– K + Na + H +
HCO 3 + 2+
Protein H Ca
K + Hypocalcemia in alkalosis
K + Na +
H +
Excitability, Cl –
transport Contraction
Cell division, Ca 2+ Vasodilation
apoptosis H +
2+
Intercellular [Ca ] i
connections
Bronchoconstriction

G6P Lactate H +
ATP cAMP 3–
PO 4
Glycolysis
2–
HPO 4
Acidosis
Alkalosis Hormonal effects Demineralization in acidosis 91
Silbernagl/Lang, Color Atlas of Pathophysiology © 2000 Thieme
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