Page 167 - Encyclopedia of Nursing Research

134 n DRinKinG AnD DRiVinG AMonG ADoLESCEnTS

complex health and social needs. For exam-
ple, an empowerment intervention, that is, a Drinking anD Driving
D brief protocol-driven nursing intervention,
was developed by Parker, McFarlane, Soeken, aMong aDolesCents
Silva, and Reel (1999) to help abused women
address the violence including danger
assessment and safety planning. Supporting Drinking and driving is rooted in the central
abused women to develop strategies for role that alcohol plays in American life and
managing distressing symptoms may help culture. Alcohol is commonly found at cel-
them to better access supportive networks ebrations, parties, and leisure activities.
and to strengthen personal resources (Ford- in addition, advertisements on television,
Gilboe, Wuest, Varcoe, & Merritt-Gray, 2006). magazines, and billboards present messages
More interventions are emerging, including that shine a positive light on drinking. Given
the DoVE intervention (Sharps, Bullock, & this situation and despite drinking laws,
Campbell, 2010) and the i-hEAL intervention adolescents drink and drive, and adoles-
(Ford-Gilboe et al., 2006). cents who have been drinking are involved
in summary, domestic violence is a seri- in fatal crashes at twice the rate of adult
ous public health problem with far-reaching drivers (national highway Traffic Safety
health consequences. Recent progress in the- Administration, 2005).
ory and research has led to the better under- in spite of decreasing rates of driving after
standing of the complex dynamics of domestic drinking reported by high school students,
violence; nurses have made important contri- the problem of riding with a driver who has
butions to the development of theories and evi- been drinking has not changed in the past
dence-based practice concerning violence in 2 years. in 2003 and again in 2005, almost one
intimate relationships. nursing has a unique third of high school youth reported engaging
role to play in responding to the needs of in the risk of riding with a driver who had
domestic violence survivors while at the same been drinking (Centers for Disease Control,
time nurses are in an excellent position to col- 2005). Three teens are killed each day when
laborate with other professionals in domestic they drink and drive (national highway
violence prevention and intervention. Much Traffic Safety Administration, 2005).
is still to be learned about domestic violence. Although national trends in riding with
nurses have the potential to enhance under- a driver who has been drinking alcohol
standing of this complex phenomenon and have decreased since 1991, there has been no
to adopt a culturally competent approach to change from 2003 to 2005 in the percentage
develop more comprehensive evidence-based of students who rode with a driver who had
interventions. Research that combines the been drinking (30.2% in 2003 and 28.5% in
study of biological measures and intervention 2005; Centers for Disease Control, 2005). Maio
models in survivors experiencing the stress et al. (2005) reported that of 671 adolescents,
of domestic violence is needed to inform the 22% indicated they rode with a driver who
development of interventions to potentiate had been drinking. having access to a car
survivors’ strengths and health potential. increases drinking–driving and drinking in
Some groups may be at additional risk for cars (Walker, Waiters, Grube, & Chen, 2005).
domestic violence (e.g., women with disabili- Passengers offer potential for break-
ties), and more research is needed to further ing the link between drinking and driv-
develop and test theories of violence that are ing. isaac, Kennedy, and Graham (1995)
specific to such at-risk groups. reported that 5% to 10% of 10,277 drunk-
driving fatalities had sober passengers who
Agnes Tiwari could have intervened and half of the 16- to