Page 566 - Encyclopedia of Nursing Research

VIRTUAL NURSE CARING n 533

For example, Campbell, Abrahams, and (2008) used qualitative descriptive methods
Martin (2008) have indicated that structural- to describe the childhood remembrances of
based and gender-based violence needs to be adult women who experienced their mothers V
addressed by researchers from a standpoint being murdered by their fathers (based on
of intersectionality. Scholars have examined interviews with the women). draucker et al.
published research literature on perinatal (2009) conducted a qualitative metasynthesis
home visitation intervention for evidence of to determine the essence of healing from sex-
intimate partner violence assessment and ual violence for adults, in which the violence
intervention, and found that no interventions was from childhood. Thomas and Hall (2008)
were designed to address intimate partner conducted narrative research to determine
violence within the context of home health how women who experienced child abuse as
visits to pregnant and postpartum women children are able to thrive and achieve suc-
(Sharps, Campbell, Baty, Walker, & Merritt, cess. Wei and Brackley (2010) used phenome-
2008). Fredland, Campbell, and Han (2008) nological research to understand the violence
investigated relationships among young experiences of adult men in childhood and
urban youth’s exposure to different forms of their influences on mental health and use of
violence (community, home, and personal), violence in intimate relationships.
stress, coping, and health outcomes (physi- Nursing research, practice, health policy,
cal, behavior, and mental). Humphreys and and political activism have all been instru-
Lee (2009) investigated relationships among mental in addressing violence as a health
violence exposure, social support, depres- phenomenon. Nursing research on violence
sion, and health outcomes with three ethni- has advanced the science of violence preven-
cally diverse community-dwelling midlife tion and treatment. Recommendations for
women. Amar and Gennaro (2005) conducted future research need to focus on understand-
research to examine relationships among ing violence in the context of cultural con-
dating violence, mental health symptoms, siderations. School-related violence must be
health care–seeking, and physical injury. addressed by understanding the complexity
Burgess and Clements (2006) used retro- and extent of this increasing phenomenon.
spective record review of reported cases of Also, there is a need to document the efficacy
elder sexual abuse (60 and older) to identify of violence prevention programs and poli-
mental health symptoms and found that lim- cies through nursing research. Research data
ited data was documented on posttraumatic about human responses to violence should
stress disorder in 284 case records. Burgess provide direction for improved health care,
and Clements have called for research on nursing care outcomes, and policy.
information processing and health outcomes
associated with elder sexual abuse. Linda Manfrin-Ledet
Qualitative research on experiences of Danny G. Willis
hate crime, interparental homicide (uxori- Demetrius J. Porche
cide), healing from sexual violence, thriv-
ing after child abuse, and violent men who
experienced childhood violence are recent
advancements in violence research within Virtual nurse caring
nursing science. Willis (2008) utilized a
phenomenological perspective to discover
meanings in adult gay men’s experiences of The innovative concept of virtual nurse car-
hate crime and its aftermath related to acts of ing (VNC) was operationally defined and
physical, psychological, and verbal violence. measured by Smith (2005, 2008) as commu-
Laughon, Steeves, Parker, Knopp, and Sawin nication of nurses’ concern, expertise, and