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Chapter 85  T-Cell Lymphomas  1379


            stable  disease.  Currently,  a  phase  II  study  is  enrolling  relapsed/  Kaye FJ, Bunn PA, Jr, Steinberg SM, et al: A randomized trial comparing
            refractory MF/SS patients to receive the anti–PD-1 antibody pem-  combination  electron-beam  radiation  and  chemotherapy  with  topical
            bolizumab (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02243579).  therapy  in  the  initial  treatment  of  mycosis  fungoides.  N  Engl  J  Med
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            FUTURE DIRECTIONS                                       CHOP/ESHAP regimen) followed by autologous stem-cell transplanta-
                                                                    tion in previously untreated patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma.
            Knowledge  of  the  unique  cytokine  milieu  associated  with  these   Ann Oncol 19:958, 2008.
            neoplastic T cells has led to trials testing cytokines that may inhibit   O’Connor OA, Heaney ML, Schwartz L, et al: Clinical experience with intra-
            the growth of these cells, such as IL-12 or IL-2. Vaccine approaches   venous and oral formulations of the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor
            may be practical.                                       suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in patients with advanced hematologic
              Significant  amounts  of  basic  and  practical  research  have  been   malignancies. J Clin Oncol 24:166, 2006.
            performed in an attempt to control this disease, and future treatment   O’Connor OA, Horwitz S, Hamlin P, et al: Phase II-I-II study of two differ-
            approaches  will  likely  depend  on  further  understanding  of  the   ent doses and schedules of pralatrexate, a high-affinity substrate for the
            molecular and genetic bases of these disorders. We hope that one of   reduced folate carrier, in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma
            the strategies under development or study will lead to treatments that   reveals  marked  activity  in  T-cell  malignancies.  J  Clin  Oncol  27:4357,
            can control the disease and symptomatic effects, or even cure this   2009.
            neoplasm in the majority of afflicted patients.       O’Connor OA, Pro B, Pinter-Brown L, et al: Pralatrexate in patients with
                                                                    relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: results from the pivotal
                                                                    PROPEL study. J Clin Oncol 29:1182, 2011.
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              309:257, 1983.                                        genetically heterogeneous disease with widely disparate clinical outcomes.
            Cairns  RA,  Iqbal  J,  Lemonnier  F,  et al:  IDH2  mutations  are  frequent  in   Blood 124(9):1473–1480, 2014.
              angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Blood 119:1901, 2012.  Pechloff K, Holch J, Ferch U, et al: The fusion kinase ITK-SYK mimics a T
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              phase II study of romidepsin in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell   of peripheral T cell lymphoma. J Exp Med 207:1031, 2010.
              lymphoma after prior systemic therapy. J Clin Oncol 30:631, 2012.  Piekarz RL, Frye R, Turner M, et al: Phase II multi-institutional trial of the
            Corradini P, Tarella C, Zallio F, et al: Long-term follow-up of patients with   histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin as monotherapy for patients with
              peripheral  T-cell  lymphomas  treated  up-front  with  high-dose  chemo-  cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 27:5410, 2009.
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              Expert Opin Investig Drugs 25(2):171–181, 2016.       lymphoma treated in studies of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin
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