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1192 Part IX: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells Chapter 77: Functions of Natural Killer Cells 1193

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sylated ligands for E-selectin, potentially limiting their homing ability 18. Biron CA, Nguyen KB, Pien GC, et al: Natural killer cells in antiviral defense: Function
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to the marrow. Ex vivo forced fucosylation of NK cells with fucosyl- 19. Kitaya K: Accumulation of uterine CD16(–) natural killer (NK) cells: Friends, foes, or
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in mice improves their homing to the marrow. Forced fucosylation 20. Vivier E, Raulet DH, Moretta A, et al: Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of
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natural killer cells. Science 331:44–49, 2011.
of NK cells is currently being studied as a novel approach to improve 21. Raulet DH, Gasser S, Gowen BG, et al: Regulation of ligands for the NKG2D activating
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CELL TUMOR KILLING 24. Hansen TH, Bouvier M: MHC class I antigen presentation: Learning from viral evasion
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death receptors for the apoptosis-inducing ligands TRAIL or Fas-L is 26. Parham P, Moffett A: Variable NK cell receptors and their MHC class I ligands in
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The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib upregulates surface expression 27. Braud VM, Allan DS, O’Callaghan CA, et al: HLA-E binds to natural killer cell recep-
tors CD94/NKG2A, B and C. Nature 391:795–799, 1998.
of the TRAIL receptor DR5, enhancing tumor susceptibility to NK-cell 28. Jonsson AH, Yokoyama WM: Natural killer cell tolerance licensing and other mecha-
TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In mice, eradicating nisms. Adv Immunol 101:27–79, 2009.
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regulatory T cells prior to adoptive NK cell infusions further potentiates 29. Lanier LL, Corliss BC, Wu J, et al: Immunoreceptor DAP12 bearing a tyrosine-based
activation motif is involved in activating NK cells. Nature 391:703–707, 1998.
this antitumor effect. Clinical trials evaluating the antitumor activity 30. Brown MG, Dokun AO, Heusel JW, et al: Vital involvement of a natural killer cell acti-
of ex vivo expanded adoptively infused NK cells following bortezomib vation receptor in resistance to viral infection. Science 292:934–937, 2001.
treatment are ongoing. 31. Arase H, Mocarski ES, Campbell AE, et al: Direct recognition of cytomegalovirus by
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Methods to transfect chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) into NK 32. Trinchieri G, Santoli D: Anti-viral activity induced by culturing lymphocytes with
cells have been optimized to induce tumor-specific NK cell killing in tumor-derived or virus-transformed cells. Enhancement of human natural killer cell
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such as CD19 on B-cell malignancies, HER2/ErbB2 on breast carcino- 33. Trinchieri G, Matsumoto-Kobayashi M, Clark SC, et al: Response of resting human
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cells enhance tumor killing by autologous NK cells. 72,80 These findings, 34. Kobayashi M, Fitz L, Ryan M, et al: Identification and purification of Natural Killer cell
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