Page 2271 - Williams Hematology ( PDFDrive )
P. 2271

2246           Part XII:  Hemostasis and Thrombosis                                                                                                                      Chapter 131:  The Antiphospholipid Syndrome             2247




                 13.  Feinstein DI, Rapaport SI: Acquired inhibitors  of blood coagulation, in  Progress in     44.  Jankowski M, Vreys I, Wittevrongel C, et al: Thrombogenicity of beta 2-glycoprotein
                  Hemostasis and Thrombosis, edited by TH Spaet pp 75–95. Grune & Stratton, New York,   I-dependent antiphospholipid antibodies in a photochemically induced thrombosis
                  1972.                                                  model in the hamster. Blood 101:157–162, 2003.
                 14.  Beaumont JL: Acquired hemorrhagic syndrome caused by a circulating anticoagulant;     45.  Arad A, Proulle V, Furie RA, et al: Beta(2)-Glycoprotein-1 autoantibodies from patients
                  inhibition of the thromboplastic function of the blood platelets; description of a specific   with antiphospholipid syndrome are sufficient to potentiate arterial thrombus forma-
                  test. Sang 25:1–15, 1954.                              tion in a mouse model. Blood 117:3453–3459, 2011.
                 15.  Nilsson IM, Astedt B, Hedner U, Berezin D: Intrauterine death and circulating antico-    46.  Loizou S, Singh S, Wypkema E, Asherson RA: Anticardiolipin, anti-beta(2)-glycopro-
                  agulant (“antithromboplastin”). Acta Med Scand 197:153–159, 1975.  tein I and antiprothrombin antibodies in black South African patients with infectious
                 16.  Bowie EJ, Thompson JH Jr, Pascuzzi CA, Owen GA Jr: Thrombosis in systemic erythe-  disease. Ann Rheum Dis 62:1106–1111, 2003.
                  matosus despite circulating anticoagulants. J Clin Invest 62:416–430, 1963.    47.  Roubey RA, Pratt CW, Buyon JP, Winfield JB: Lupus anticoagulant activity of auto-
                 17.  Harris  EN,  Gharavi  AE,  Boey  ML,  et  al:  Anticardiolipin  antibodies:  Detection  by   immune antiphospholipid antibodies is dependent upon beta 2-glycoprotein I. J Clin
                  radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.   Invest 90:1100–1104, 1992.
                  Lancet 2:1211–1214, 1983.                             48.  Galli M, Comfurius P, Maassen C, et al: Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) directed not
                 18.  Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, et al: International consensus statement on an   to cardiolipin but to a plasma protein cofactor. Lancet 335:1544–1547, 1990.
                  update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).       49.  McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA: Anti-phospholipid antibodies are
                  J Thromb Haemost 4:295–306, 2006.                      directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagula-
                 19.  Lieby P, Soley A, Knapp AM, et al: Memory B cells producing somatically mutated   tion: Beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:4120–4124,
                  antiphospholipid antibodies are present in healthy individuals. Blood 102:2459–2465,   1990.
                  2003.                                                 50.  Goldsmith GH, Pierangeli SS, Branch DW, et al: Inhibition of prothrombin activation
                 20.  Giles I, Lambrianides A, Rahman A: Examining the non-linear relationship between   by antiphospholipid antibodies and beta 2-glycoprotein 1. Br J Haematol 87:548–554,
                  monoclonal antiphospholipid antibody sequence, structure and function.  Lupus   1994.
                  17:895–903, 2008.                                     51.  de Laat HB, Derksen RH, Urbanus RT, de Groot PG: IgG antibodies that recognize
                 21.  Cruz-Tapias P, Blank M, Anaya JM, Shoenfeld Y: Infections and vaccines in the etiology   epitope Gly40-Arg43 in domain I of beta 2-glycoprotein I cause LAC, and their pres-
                  of antiphospholipid syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol 24:389–393, 2012.  ence correlates strongly with thrombosis. Blood 105:1540–1545, 2005.
                 22.  Barcat D, Constans J, Seigneur M, et al: Deep venous thrombosis in an adult with vari-    52.  de Laat B, Wu XX, van Lummel M, et al: Correlation between antiphospholipid anti-
                  cella. Rev Med Interne 19:509–511, 1998.               bodies that recognize domain i of β -glycoprotein I and a reduction in the anticoagulant
                                                                                            2
                 23.  Peyton BD, Cutler BS, Stewart FM: Spontaneous tibial artery thrombosis associated   activity of annexin A5. Blood 109:1490–1494, 2007.
                  with varicella pneumonia and free protein S deficiency. J Vasc Surg 27:563–567, 1998.    53.  Hunt BJ, Wu XX, de Laat B, et al: Association of anti-β GPI domain I IgG and resis-
                                                                                                        2
                 24.  Prieto J, Yuste JR, Beloqui O, et al: Anticardiolipin antibodies in chronic hepatitis C:   tance to annexin A5 with obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome: Evidence for a
                  Implication of hepatitis C virus as the cause of the antiphospholipid syndrome [see   specific mechanism in a patient subset. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts 112:3821,
                  comments]. Hepatology 23:199–204, 1996.                2008.
                 25.  Cojocaru IM, Cojocaru M, Iacob SA: High prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies in     54.  Hunt BJ, Wu XX, de LB, et al: Resistance to annexin A5 anticoagulant activity in women
                  patients with asymptomatic hepatitis C virus infection associated acute ischemic stroke.   with histories for obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 205:485.
                  Rom J Intern Med 43:89–95, 2005.                       e17–485.e23, 2011.
                 26.  Labarca JA, Rabaggliati RM, Radrigan FJ, et al: Antiphospholipid syndrome associated     55.  Agar C, van Os GM, Mörgelin M, et al: Beta-2-glycoprotein I can exist in 2 confor-
                  with cytomegalovirus infection: Case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 24:197–200,   mations: Implications for our understanding of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood
                  1997.                                                  116:1336–1343, 2010.
                 27.  Delbos V, Abgueguen P, Chennebault JM, et al: Acute cytomegalovirus infection and     56.  Balasubramanian K, Maiti SN, Schroit AJ: Recruitment of beta-2-glycoprotein 1 to cell
                  venous thrombosis: Role of antiphospholipid antibodies. J Infect 54:e47–e50, 2007.  surfaces in extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. Apoptosis 10:439–446, 2005.
                 28.  Loizou S, Cazabon JK, Walport MJ, et al: Similarities of specificity and cofactor depen-    57.  Maiti SN, Balasubramanian K, Ramoth JA, Schroit AJ: Beta-2-glycoprotein 1-depen-
                  dence in serum antiphospholipid antibodies from patients with human parvovirus B19   dent macrophage uptake of apoptotic cells. Binding to lipoprotein receptor-related pro-
                  infection and from those with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 40:103–  tein receptor family members. J Biol Chem 283:3761–3766, 2008.
                  108, 1997.                                            58.  Matsuura E, Kobayashi K, Matsunami Y, Lopez LR: The immunology of atherothrom-
                 29.  Martin E, Winn R, Nugent K: Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in a commu-  bosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome: Antigen presentation and lipid intracellular
                  nity-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: A review of patho-  accumulation. Autoimmun Rev 8:500–505, 2009.
                  genesis with a case for molecular mimicry. Autoimmun Rev 10:181–188, 2011.    59.  Agar C, de Groot PG, Morgelin M, et al: Beta2-glycoprotein I: A novel component of
                 30.  Galrao L, Brites C, Atta ML, et al: Antiphospholipid antibodies in HIV-positive patients.   innate immunity. Blood 117:6939–6947, 2011.
                  Clin Rheumatol 26:1825–1830, 2007.                    60.  Hulstein JJ, Lenting PJ, de Laat B, et al: Beta2-Glycoprotein I inhibits von Willebrand
                 31.  Blank M, Aron-Maor A, Shoenfeld Y: From rheumatic fever to Libman-Sacks endocar-  factor dependent platelet adhesion and aggregation. Blood 110:1483–1491, 2007.
                  ditis: Is there any possible pathogenetic link? Lupus 14:697–701, 2005.    61.  Bu C, Gao L, Xie W, et al: Beta2-glycoprotein i is a cofactor for tissue plasminogen
                 32.  Gotoh M, Matsuda J: Induction of anticardiolipin antibody and/or lupus anticoagu-  activator-mediated plasminogen activation. Arthritis Rheum 60:559–568, 2009.
                  lant in rabbits by immunization with lipoteichoic acid, lipopolysaccharide and lipid A.     62.  Ma K, Simantov R, Zhang JC, et al: High affinity binding of beta 2-glycoprotein I to
                  Lupus 5:593–597, 1996.                                 human endothelial cells is mediated by annexin II. J Biol Chem 275:15541–15548, 2000.
                 33.  Eschwege V, Freyssinet JM: The possible contribution of cell apoptosis and necrosis to     63.  Sheng Y, Reddel SW, Herzog H, et al: Impaired thrombin generation in beta 2-glycopro-
                  the generation of phospholipid-binding antibodies. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 147(Suppl   tein I null mice. J Biol Chem 276:13817–13821, 2001.
                  1):33–35, 1996.                                       64.  Robertson SA, Roberts CT, van Beijering E, et al: Effect of beta2-glycoprotein I null
                 34.  Price BE, Rauch J, Shia MA, et al: Anti-phospholipid autoantibodies bind to apoptotic,   mutation on reproduction outcome and antiphospholipid antibody mediated preg-
                  but not viable, thymocytes in a beta 2-glycoprotein I-dependent manner. J Immunol   nancy pathology in mice. Mol Hum Reprod 10:409–416, 2004.
                  157:2201–2208, 1996.                                  65.  de-Groot PG, Horbach DA, Derksen RH: Protein C and other cofactors involved in the
                 35.  Pittoni V, Isenberg D: Apoptosis and antiphospholipid antibodies.  Semin Arthritis   binding of antiphospholipid antibodies: Relation to the pathogenesis of thrombosis.
                  Rheum 28:163–178, 1998.                                Lupus 5:488–493, 1996.
                 36.  Inic-Kanada A, Stojanovic M, Zivkovic I, et al: Murine monoclonal antibody 26 raised     66.  Atsumi T, Khamashta MA, Amengual O, et al: Binding of anticardiolipin antibodies to
                  against tetanus toxoid cross-reacts with beta2-glycoprotein I: Its characteristics and role   protein C via beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI): A possible mechanism in the inhibi-
                  in molecular mimicry. Am J Reprod Immunol 61:39–51, 2009.  tory effect of antiphospholipid antibodies on the protein C system. Clin Exp Immunol
                 37.  Blank M, Asherson RA, Cervera R, Shoenfeld Y: Antiphospholipid syndrome infectious   112:325–333, 1998.
                  origin. J Clin Immunol 24:12–23, 2004.                67.  Bidot CJ, Jy W, Horstman LL, et al: Factor VII/VIIa: A new antigen in the anti-phospho-
                 38.  Gharavi AE, Pierangeli SS, Espinola RG, et al: Antiphospholipid antibodies induced in   lipid antibody syndrome. Br J Haematol 120:618–626, 2003.
                  mice by immunization with a cytomegalovirus-derived peptide cause thrombosis and     68.  Ortona E, Capozzi A, Colasanti T, et al: Vimentin/cardiolipin complex as a new anti-
                  activation of endothelial cells in vivo. Arthritis Rheum 46:545–552, 2002.  genic target of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood 116:2960–2967, 2010.
                 39.  Hellan M, Kuhnel E, Speiser W, et al: Familial lupus anticoagulant: A case report and     69.  Shibata S, Harpel PC, Gharavi A, et al: Autoantibodies to heparin from patients with
                  review of the literature. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 9:195–200, 1998.  antiphospholipid antibody syndrome inhibit formation of antithrombin III-thrombin
                 40.  Weber M, Hayem G, DeBandt M, et al: The family history of patients with primary or   complexes. Blood 83:2532–2540, 1994.
                  secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Lupus 9:258–263, 2000.    70.  Lieby P, Soley A, Levallois H, et al: The clonal analysis of anticardiolipin antibodies in
                 41.  Garcia CO, Kanbour-Shakir A, Tang H, et al: Induction of experimental antiphospho-  a single patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome reveals an extreme antibody
                  lipid antibody syndrome in PL/J mice following immunization with beta 2 GPI. Am J   heterogeneity. Blood 97:3820–3828, 2001.
                  Reprod Immunol 37:118–124, 1997.                      71.  Andree HAM, Hermens WT, Hemker HC, Willems GM: Displacement of factor Va by
                 42.  Holers VM, Girardi G, Mo L, et al: Complement C3 activation is required for antiphos-  annexin V, in Phospholipid Binding and Anticoagulant Action of Annexin V, edited by
                  pholipid antibody-induced fetal loss. J Exp Med 195:211–220, 2002.  HAM Andree, pp 73–85. Universitaire Pers Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
                 43.  Pierangeli  SS,  Liu  X,  Espinola  R, et  al:  Functional  analyses  of  patient-derived  IgG   1992.
                  monoclonal anticardiolipin antibodies using in vivo thrombosis and in vivo microcir-    72.  Reviakine I, Bergsma-Schutter W, Brisson A: Growth of protein 2-D crystals on sup-
                  culation models. Thromb Haemost 84:388–395, 2000.      ported planar lipid bilayers imaged in situ by AFM. J Struct Biol 121:356–361, 1998.





          Kaushansky_chapter 131_p2233-2252.indd   2246                                                                 9/18/15   5:10 PM
   2266   2267   2268   2269   2270   2271   2272   2273   2274   2275   2276