Page 2345 - Williams Hematology ( PDFDrive )
P. 2345

2318  Part XII:  Hemostasis and Thrombosis                      Chapter 135:  Fibrinolysis and Thrombolysis          2319




                    16.  Hayes ML, Castellino FJ: Carbohydrate composition of the human plasminogen vari-    47.  Feng P, Ohlsson M, Ny T: The structure of the TATA-less rat tissue-type plasminogen
                     ants. II. Structure of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharide unit. J Biol Chem 254:8772–  activator gene. J Biol Chem 265:2022–2027, 1990.
                     8776, 1979.                                          48.  Kooistra T, Bosma PJ, Toet K, et al: Role of protein kinase C and cyclic adenosine
                    17.  Hayes ML, Castellino FJ: Carbohydrate of the human plasminogen variants. III. Struc-  monophosphate in the regulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasmino-
                     ture of the O-glycosidically-linked oligosaccharide unit. J Biol Chem 254:8777–8780,   gen activator inhibitor-1, and platelet-derived growth factor mRNA levels in human
                     1979.                                                 endothelial cells. Possible involvement of proto-oncogenes c-jun and c-fos. Arterioscler
                    18.  Saksela O: Plasminogen activation and regulation of proteolysis. Biochim Biophys Acta   Thromb 11:1042–1052, 1991.
                     823:35–65, 1985.                                     49.  Medcalf RL, Ruegg M, Schleuning WD: A DNA motif related to the cAMP-responsive
                    19.  Wallen P, Wiman B: Characterization of human plasminogen. I. On the relationship   element and an exon-located activator protein-2 binding site in the human tissue-type
                     between different molecular forms of plasminogen demonstrated in plasma and found   plasminogen activator gene promoter cooperate in basal expression and convey activa-
                     in purified preparations. Biochim Biophys Acta 221:20–30, 1970.  tion by phorbol ester and cAMP. J Biol Chem 265:14618–14626, 1990.
                    20.  Wallen P, Wiman B: Characterization of human plasminogen. II. Separation and partial     50.  Kooistra T, Van den Berg J, Tons A, et al: Butyrate stimulates tissue type plasminogen
                     characterization of different molecular forms of human plasminogen. Biochim Biophys   activator synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells. Biochem J 247:605–612, 1987.
                     Acta 157:122–134, 1972.                              51.  Diamond SL, Eskin SG, McIntire LV: Fluid flow stimulates tissue plasminogen activator
                    21.  Holvoet P, Lijnen HR, Collen D: A monoclonal antibody specific for lys-plasminogen.    secretion by cultured human endothelial cells. Science 243:1483–1485, 1989.
                     J Biol Chem 260:12106–12111, 1985.                   52.  Hanss M, Collen D: Secretion of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen
                    22.  Hoylaerts M, Rijken DC, Lijnen HR, Collen D: Kinetics of the activation of plasmino-  activator inhibitor by cultured human endothelial cells: Modulation by thrombin,
                     gen by human tissue plasminogen activator: Role of fibrin. J Biol Chem 257:2912–2929,   endotoxin, and histamine. J Lab Clin Med 109:97–104, 1987.
                     1982.                                                53.  Thompson EA, Nelles L, Collen D: Effect of retinoic acid on the synthesis of tissue-type
                    23.  Hajjar KA, Nachman RL: Endothelial cell-mediated conversion of glu-plasminogen to   plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in human endothelial
                     lys-plasminogen: Further evidence for assembly of the fibrinolytic system on the endo-  cells. Eur J Biochem 201:627–632, 1991.
                     thelial cell surface. J Clin Invest 82:1769–1778, 1988.    54.  Kooistra T, Opdenberg JP, Toet K, et al: Stimulation of tissue-type plasminogen acti-
                    24.  Silverstein RL, Friedlander RJ, Nicholas RL, Nachman RL: Binding of lys-plasminogen   vator synthesis by retinoids in cultured human endothelial cells and rat tissue in vivo.
                     to monocytes and macrophages. J Clin Invest 82:1948–1955, 1988.  Thromb Haemost 65:565–572, 1991.
                    25.  Murray JC, Buetow KH, Donovan M, et al: Linkage disequilibrium of plasminogen     55.  Medcalf RL, Van den Berg E, Schleuning WD: Glucocorticoid-modulated gene expres-
                     polymorphisms and assignment of the gene to human chromosome 6q26–6q27. Am   sion of tissue- and urinary-tyype plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator
                      J Hum Genet 40:338–350, 1987.                        inhibitor-1 and 2. J Cell Biol 106:971–978, 1988.
                    26.  Petersen TE, Martzen MR, Ichinose A, Davie EW: Characterization of the gene     56.  Santell L, Levin EG: Cyclic AMP potentiates phorbol ester stimulation of tissue plas-
                     for human plasminogen, a key proenzyme in the fibrinolytic system.  J  Biol Chem   minogen activator release and inhibits secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
                     265:6104–6111, 1990.                                  from human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 263:16802–16808, 1988.
                    27.  Jenkins GR, Seiffert D, Parmer RJ, Miles LA: Regulation of plasminogen gene expres-    57.  Levin EG, del Zoppo GJ: Localization of tissue plasminogen activator in the endothe-
                     sion by interleukin-6. Blood 89:2394–2403, 1997.      lium of a limited number of vessels. Am J Pathol 144:855–861, 1994.
                    28.  McLean JW, Tomlinson JE, Kuang WJ, et al: cDNA sequence of human apolipopro-    58.  Levin EG, Santell L, Osborn KG: The expression of endothelial tissue plasminogen
                     tein(a) is homologous to plasminogen. Nature 330:132–137, 1987.  activator in vivo: A function defined by vessel size and anatomic location. J Cell Sci
                    29.  Nakamura T, Nishizawa T, Hagiya M, et al: Molecular cloning and expression of human   110:139–148, 1997.
                     hepatocyte growth factor. Nature 342:440–443, 1989.    59.  Levin EG, Osborn KG, Schleuning WD: Vessel-specific gene expression in the lung:
                    30.  Weissbach L, Treadwell BV: A plasminogen-related gene is expressed in cancer cells.   Tissue plasmingen activator is limited to bronchial arteries and pulmonary vessels of
                     Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186:1108–1114, 1992.       discrete size. Chest 114:68S, 1998.
                    31.  Yoshimura T, Yuhki N, Wang MH, et al: Cloning, sequencing, and expression of human     60.  Diamond SL, Sharefkin JB, Dieffenbach C, et al: Tissue plasminogen activator messen-
                     macrophage stimulating protein (MSP, MST 1) confirms MSP  as a member of  the   ger RNA levels increase in cultured human endothelial cells exposed to laminar shear
                     family of kringle proteins and locates the MSP gene on chromosome 3. J Biol Chem   stress. J Cell Physiol 143:364–371, 1990.
                     268:15461–15468, 1993.                               61.  O’Rourke J, Jiang X, Hao Z, et al: Distribution of sympathetic tissue plasminogen acti-
                    32.  Byrne CD, Schwartz K, Meer K, et al: The human apolipoprotein(a)/plasminogen gene clus-  vator (tPA) to a distant microvasculature. J Neurosci 79:727–733, 2005.
                     ter contains a novel homologue transcribed in liver. Arterioscler Thromb 14:534–541, 1994.    62.  Dichek D, Quertermous T: Thrombin regulation of mRNA levels of tissue plasminogen
                    33.  Ichinose A: Multiple members of the plasminogen-apolipoprotein(a) gene family asso-  activator inhibitor-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Blood 74:222–
                     ciated with thrombosis. Biochemistry 31:3113–3118, 1992.  228, 1989.
                    34.  Shanmukhappa  K,  Matte  U,  Degen  JL,  Bezerra  JA:  Plasmin-mediated  proteolysis     63.  Levin EG, Marotti KR, Santell L: Protein kinase C and the stimulation of tissue plasmino-
                     is  required  for  hepatocyte  growth  factor  activation  during liver  repair.  J Biol Chem   gen activator release from human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 264:16030–16036, 1989.
                     284:12917–12923, 2009.                               64.  Kasai S, Arimura H, Nishida M, Suyama T: Primary structure of single-chain pro-
                    35.  Bugge TH, Flick MJ, Daugherty CC, Degen JL: Plasminogen deficiency causes severe   urokinase. J Biol Chem 260:12382–12389, 1985.
                     thrombosis  but is  compatible with  development  and reproduction.  Genes Dev 9:     65.  Gunzler WA, Steffens GJ, Otting F, et al: Structural relationship between high and low
                     794–807, 1995.                                        molecular mass urokinase. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 363:133–141, 1982.
                    36.  Ploplis VA, Carmeliet P, Vazirzadeh S, et al: Effects of disruption of the plasminogen     66.  Riccio A, Grimaldi G, Verde P, Sebastio G, Boast S, Blasi F: The human urokinase-
                     gene on thrombosis, growth, and health in mice. Circulation 92:2585–2593, 1995.  plasminogen activator gene and its promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 13:2759–2771, 1985.
                    37.  Drew AF, Kaufman AH, Kombrinck KW, et al: Ligneous conjunctivitis in plasminogen-     67.  Holmes WE, Pennica D, Blaber M, et al: Cloning and expression of the gene for
                     deficient mice. Blood 91:1616–1624, 1998.             pro-urokinase in Escherichia coli. Nat Biotechnol 3:923, 1985.
                    38.  Pennica D, Holmes WE, Kohr WJ, et al: Cloning and expression of human tissue-type     68.  Schmitt M, Wilhelm O, Janicke F, et al: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)
                     plasminogen activator cDNA in E. coli. Nature 301:214–221, 1983.  and its receptor (CD87): A new target in tumor invasion and metastasis.  J Obstet
                    39.  Tate KM, Higgins DL, Holmes WE, et al: Functional role of proteolytic cleavage at   Gynaecol 21:151–165, 1995.
                     arginine-275 of human tissue plasminogen activator as assessed by site-directed muta-    69.  Van Hinsbergh VW, Kooistra T, Van den Berg EA, et al: Tumor necrosis factor increases
                     genesis. Biochemistry 26:338–343, 1987.               the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor in human endothelial cells in vitro
                    40.  Pohl G, Kenne L, Nilsson B, Einarsson M: Isolation and characterization of three dif-  and in rats in vivo. Blood 72:1467–1473, 1988.
                     ferent carbohydrate chains from melanoma tissue plasminogen activator. Eur J Biochem     70.  Medina R, Socher SH, Han JH, Friedman PA: Interleukin-1, endotoxin, or tumor
                     170:69–75, 1987.                                      necrosis factor/cachectin enhance the level of plasminogen activator inhibitor messen-
                    41.  Spellman MW, Basa LJ, Leonard CK, Chakel JA: Carbohydrate structures of tissue plas-  ger RNA in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Thromb Res 54:41–52, 1989.
                     minogen activator expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem 264:14100–    71.  Gerwin BI, Keski-Oja J, Seddon M, et al: TGF beta 1 modulation of urokinase and
                     14111, 1989.                                          PAI-1 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Pathol 259:262–269, 1990.
                    42.  Harris RJ, Leonard CK, Guzzetta AW: Tissue plasminogen activator has an O-linked     72.  Stump DC, Lijnen HR, Collen  D: Purification and characterization of a novel  low
                     fucose attached to threonine-61 in the epidermal growth factor domain. Biochemistry   molecular weight form of single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator. J Biol
                     30:2311–2314, 1991.                                   Chem 261:17120–17126, 1986.
                    43.  Ny T, Elgh F, Lund B: Structure of the human tissue-type plasminogen activator gene:     73.  Steffens GJ, Gunzler WA, Olting F, et al: The complete amino acid sequence of low
                     Correlation of intron and exon structures to functional and structural domains. Proc   molecular mass urokinase from human urine. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 363:1043–
                     Natl Acad Sci U S A 81:5355–5359, 1984.               1058, 1982.
                    44.  Browne MJ, Tyrrell AWR, Chapman CG, et al: Isolation of a human tissue-type plasmino-    74.  Lijnen HR, Zamarron C, Blaber M, et al: Activation of plasminogen by prourokinase: I.
                     gen activator genomic clone and its expression in mouse L cells. Gene 33:279–284, 1985.  Mechanism. J Biol Chem 261:1253–1258, 1986.
                    45.  Degen SJF, Rajput B, Reich E: The human tissue plasminogen activator gene. J Biol     75.  Gurewich V, Pannell R, Louie S, et al: Effective and fibrin-specific clot lysis by a zymogen
                     Chem 261:6872–6885, 1986.                             precursor from urokinase (pro-urokinase). A study in vitro and in two animal species.
                    46.  Van Zonnefeld AJ, Veerman H, Pannekoek H: Autonomous functions of structural   J Clin Invest 73:1731–1739, 1984.
                     domains on human tissue-type plasminogen activator.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A     76.  Colman RW: Activation of plasminogen by human plasma kallikrein. Biochem Biophys
                     83:4670–4674, 1986.                                   Res Commun 35:273–279, 1968.







          Kaushansky_chapter 135_p2303-2326.indd   2319                                                                 9/18/15   5:14 PM
   2340   2341   2342   2343   2344   2345   2346   2347   2348   2349   2350