Page 710 - Clinical Immunology_ Principles and Practice ( PDFDrive )
P. 710

684          ParT Six  Systemic Immune Diseases



        TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH                                  9.  Elliott MR, Ravichandran KS. Clearance of apoptotic cells: implications
                                                                  in health and disease. J Cell Biol 2010;189(7):1059–70.
        The challenge in the next decade is to continue elucidating the   10.  Macedo AC, Isaac L. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Deficiencies of
        underlying mechanisms of autoimmunity to improve diagnosis   Early Components of the Complement Classical Pathway. Front Immunol
                                                                  2016;7:55.
        and treatment and enable more precise monitoring of these   11.  Rai E, Wakeland EK. Genetic predisposition to autoimmunity–what have
        diseases. The existence of distinct phases in the development of   we learned? Semin Immunol 2011;23(2):67–83.
        autoimmune disease provides an opportunity to identify patients   12.  Bennett CL, Christie J, Ramsdell F, et al. The immune dysregulation,
        at risk of developing  tissue damage  before this occurs and   polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is caused by
        potentially to interdict the process before the amplification cycle   mutations of FOXP3. Nat Genet 2001;27(1):20–1.
        is established. Understanding natural mechanisms of regulation   13.  Oliveira L, Sinicato NA, Postal M, et al. Dysregulation of antiviral
        of disease amplitude, or in some circumstances, even disease   helicase pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Genet
        resolution, will provide important opportunities for therapy.   2014;5:418.
        The role of the target tissue as an active participant, rather than   14.  Sercarz EE, Lehmann PV, Ametani A, et al. Dominance and
        a passive bystander, in the ongoing destruction will likely be   crypticity of T cell antigenic determinants. Annu Rev Immunol
                                                                  1993;11:729–66.
        understood in molecular detail and provide novel approaches   15.  Lanzavecchia A. How can cryptic epitopes trigger autoimmunity? J Exp
        to decreasing the amplitude of amplifying cycles. The identifica-  Med 1995;181(6):1945–8.
        tion  of  the  precise  biomarkers  of  all  these  events  requires   16.  Darrah E, Rosen A. Granzyme B cleavage of autoantigens in
        exceptional clinical phenotyping of patients early in the disease   autoimmunity. Cell Death Differ 2010;17(4):624–32.
        course, longitudinal analysis by centers of excellence that follow   17.  Doyle HA, Mamula MJ. Posttranslational modifications of self-antigens.
        up large numbers of patients with similar phenotypes over time,   Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1050:1–9.
        and effective coupling to basic laboratory enterprise. Critical   18.  Engelhorn ME, Guevara-Patino JA, Noffz G, et al. Autoimmunity and
        areas of future investigation relevant to diagnosis and therapy   tumor immunity induced by immune responses to mutations in self. Nat
        include clarification of the roles of genetic and epigenetic factors,   Med 2006;12(2):198–206.
        interactions between the innate and adaptive immune responses,   19.  Shah AA, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A. Review: cancer-induced
        Tregs, and focus on the target tissue and antigen contributions   autoimmunity in the rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol
                                                                  2015;67(2):317–26.
        to ongoing amplification.                              20.  Bernatsky S, Boivin JF, Joseph L, et al. An international cohort study of
                                                                  cancer in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum
        Please check your eBook at https://expertconsult.inkling.com/   2005;52(5):1481–90.
        for self-assessment questions. See inside cover for registration   21.  Cusick MF, Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Molecular mimicry as a mechanism
        details.                                                  of autoimmune disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012;42(1):102–11.
                                                               22.  Plotz PH. The autoantibody repertoire: searching for order. Nat Rev
                                                                  Immunol 2003;3(1):73–8.
        REFERENCES                                             23.  Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate
                                                                  receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity 2011;34(5):637–50.
         1.  Davidson A, Diamond B. General features of autoimmune disease. In:
           Rose NR, Mackay IR, editors. The autoimmune diseases. St Louis: Elsevier   24.  Green NM, Marshak-Rothstein A. Toll-like receptor driven B cell
           Academic Press; 2006.                                  activation in the induction of systemic autoimmunity. Semin Immunol
         2.  Bizzaro N. Autoantibodies as predictors of disease: the clinical and   2011;23(2):106–12.
           experimental evidence. Autoimmun Rev 2007;6(6):325–33.  25.  Hall JC, Rosen A. Type I interferons: crucial participants in disease
         3.  Insel RA, Dunne JL, Atkinson MA, et al. Staging presymptomatic type 1   amplification in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010;6(1):40–9.
           diabetes: a scientific statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the   26.  Swiecki M, Colonna M. Unraveling the functions of plasmacytoid
           American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2015;38(10):1964–74.  dendritic cells during viral infections, autoimmunity, and tolerance.
         4.  Dekkers J, Toes RE, Huizinga TW, et al. The role of anticitrullinated   Immunol Rev 2010;234(1):142–62.
           protein antibodies in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin   27.  Gregorio J, Meller S, Conrad C, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense
           Rheumatol 2016;28(3):275–81.                           skin injury and promote wound healing through type I interferons. J Exp
         5.  Arbuckle MR, McClain MT, Rubertone MV, et al. Development of   Med 2010;207(13):2921–30.
           autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus.   28.  Guiducci C, Tripodo C, Gong M, et al. Autoimmune skin inflammation is
           N Engl J Med 2003;349(16):1526–33.                     dependent on plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation by nucleic acids via
         6.  Kawasaki T, Kawai T, Akira S. Recognition of nucleic acids by   TLR7 and TLR9. J Exp Med 2010;207(13):2931–42.
           pattern-recognition receptors and its relevance in autoimmunity.   29.  Casciola-Rosen L, Nagaraju K, Plotz P, et al. Enhanced autoantigen
           Immunol Rev 2011;243(1):61–73.                         expression in regenerating muscle cells in idiopathic inflammatory
         7.  Cutolo M. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes. Autoimmun Rev   myopathy. J Exp Med 2005;201(4):591–601.
           2014;13(2):85–9.                                    30.  Mammen AL, Chung T, Christopher-Stine L, et al. Autoantibodies against
         8.  Anderson MS, Venanzi ES, Klein L, et al. Projection of an immunological   3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in patients with
           self shadow within the thymus by the AIRE protein. Science   statin-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum
           2002;298(5597):1395–401.                               2011;63(3):713–21.
   705   706   707   708   709   710   711   712   713   714   715