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7 Erythrocytes: Morphology and

CHAPTER Inclusions

KEY TERMS

abetalipoproteinem ia helm et cells poikilocytosis

acanthocytes Howell-J olly bodies polychrom atophilia
agglutination hypochrom ia punctate stippling

anisochrom ia hypochrom ic pyknocytes
anisocytosis keratocytes reticulocyte

babesiosis knizocytes rouleaux form ation
basophilic stippling leptocytes schistocytes

bite cells macrocytic sickle cells
blister cells macrocytosis siderotic granules

burr cells malaria spherocytes
Cabot rings microcytic spiculated erythrocytes

degm acytes microcytosis stom atocytes
drepanocytes norm ochrom ic target cells

echinocytes norm ocytic teardrop cells
elliptocytes oval m acrocytes

Heinz bodies Pappenheim er bodies

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Erythrocytes: normal and abnormal Select methods for differentiating various erythrocyte inclusions.

■ Name and describe the variations in the size of a mature erythrocyte. ■ Correlate at least one clinical condition with the following erythrocyte

■ Describe the artifacts that can cause a variation in cell size. inclusions: basophilic stippling, Cabot rings, Heinz bodies, hemoglobin C
crystals, Howell-Jolly bodies, Pappenheimer bodies, and siderotic granules.
Types of variations in erythrocyte size

■ Correlate at least one clinical condition with each of the erythrocytic Alterations in erythrocyte distribution
size variations: normocytosis, macrocytosis, and microcytosis. ■ De ne the alterations in erythrocyte distribution that may be

■ De ne the term anisocytosis. encountered when examining a blood smear.
Brie y describe the chemical reasons for alterations in erythrocyte
Kinds of variations in erythrocyte shape distribution on a peripheral blood smear.

■ Explain the terms used when a mature erythrocyte assumes an ■ Name the clinical conditions associated with alterations in erythro-
irregular shape. cyte distribution on a blood smear.

■ Explain the chemical or physical reasons for differences in cell shape. Parasitic inclusions in erythrocytes
Correlate at least one clinical condition with each of these erythrocytic Name and describe the morphology of various types of malaria para-

shape variations: acanthocytes, blister cells, burr cells, crenated red cells, ■ sites on a peripheral blood smear.

elliptocytes, keratocytes, knizocytes, leptocytes, poikilocytosis, pykno- Name and describe the morphology of Babesia on a peripheral blood

cytes, schistocytes, sickle cells, spherocytes, stomatocytes, and teardrops. ■
smear.

Alterations in erythrocyte color ■ Name and describe the morphology of Leishmania parasites on a

■ Compare the chemical basis for differences in erythrocyte color on peripheral blood smear.

a stained blood smear. Case study

■ Describe the alterations in color that can be seen in an erythrocyte. Analyze the patient history, clinical signs and symptoms, and labo-

■ Correlate at least one clinical condition with the conditions of hypo- ratory data for the stated case studies; answer the related critical
chromia and polychromatophilia. thinking questions; and conclude the most likely diagnosis.

Varieties of erythrocyte inclusions

■ Name and describe the appearance of inclusions that may be seen NOTE:
Indicates MLT and MLS core content
in a variety of abnormal conditions. ■
Indicates MLT (optional) and MLS advanced content
■ Explain the cellular or chemical basis of inclusions.

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