Page 323 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com Orthomyxoviruses mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com
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PART IV Clinical Virology
312
TABLE 39–1 Properties of Orthomyxoviruses and Paramyxoviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Property
Influenza A, B, and C viruses
Viruses
Measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial, and parainfluenza
viruses
Genome
negative polarity
Yes
Yes
Virion RNA polymerase
Capsid Segmented (eight pieces) single-stranded RNA of Nonsegmented single-stranded RNA of negative polarity
Helical
Helical
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Yes
Yes
Envelope
Larger (150 nm)
Smaller (110 nm)
Size
1
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase on the same spike
Surface spikes
spikes
No
Giant cell formation
Yes
1
Individual viruses differ in detail. See Table 39–4.
TABLE 39–2 Features of Viruses That Infect the Respiratory Tract 1 Vaccine Viral Treatment
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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com Influenza Many No mebooksfree.com oseltamivir, zanamivir mebooksfree.com
Lifelong
Immunity to
Number of
Disease
Available
Virus
Disease
Latency
Serotypes

RNA viruses

Amantadine rimantadine,
–
+
Influenza virus
–
–
Parainfluenza virus
No
None
Many
Croup
Two
Ribavirin
Incomplete
Bronchiolitis
–
–
Respiratory syncytial virus
Yes
One
–
Rubella
None
Rubella virus
+
Measles virus
+
Mumps virus
Yes
One
None
Parotitis, meningitis
None
Common cold
Many
No
Rhinovirus Measles 2 One Yes + – – – – – – – – None
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mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com Gingivostomatitis One No no for zoster mebooksfree.com cient patients mebooksfree.com
Three
None
Common cold, SARS
Coronavirus
No
None
Coxsackie virus
Herpangina, pleuro-
No
Many
dynia, myocarditis
DNA viruses

3
–
Acyclovir in immunodefi-
Herpes simplex virus type 1
+
Varicella-zoster virus
–
+
Acyclovir in immunodefi-
Yes for varicella;
One
Chickenpox, shingles
cient patients
3
+
Ganciclovir
Pneumonia in
No
One
–
Cytomegalovirus
immunocompro-
mised
Epstein–Barr virus
Infectious
mononucleosis One Yes + – 4 + None
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Pharyngitis,
+
Adenovirus
No
None
Many
pneumonia
1
Influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rubella virus, measles virus, mumps virus, and coronavirus are enveloped RNA viruses and are described in this
chapter.
2
SARS is severe acute respiratory syndrome.
3
No because reactivation of latent virus can cause disease.
4
For military recruits only.
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