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6. The atomic number is the number of 16. Light from an incandescent gas is dispersed into narrow lines of
a. protons. colors with no light between the lines. This is called a (an)
b. protons plus neutrons. a. impossible spectrum.
c. protons plus electrons. b. line spectrum.
d. protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. c. Balmer spectrum.
7. All neutral atoms of an element have the same d. Newton spectrum.
a. atomic number. 17. The lowest energy state or level of an atom is the
b. number of electrons. a. bottom state.
c. number of protons. b. lowest level.
d. All of the above are correct. c. ground state.
8. The main problem with a solar system model of the atom d. basement state.
is that 18. The basis of the quantum mechanics theory of the atom is
a. electrons move in circular, not elliptical orbits. a. spin and quantum leaps of electron masses.
b. the electrons should lose energy since they are b. elliptical orbits of electrons.
accelerating. c. how electron particles move in orbits.
c. opposite charges should attract one another. d. the wave nature of electrons.
d. the mass ratio of the nucleus to the electrons is wrong. 19. An electron moving from an excited state to the ground state
9. Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons are a. emits a photon.
called b. gains a photon.
a. allotropes. c. gains a charge.
b. isomers. d. loses a charge.
c. isotopes. 20. The existence of matter waves was proposed by
d. radioactive. a. Planck.
10. The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus b. Bohr.
of an atom is the c. de Broglie.
a. nucleon number. d. Einstein.
b. mass number. 21. Any moving particle has a wavelength that is associated with its
c. atomic weight. mass and velocity. This is a statement that proposed the
d. isotope number. existence of
11. Atomic weight is a. photoelectric effect.
a. determined by weighing individual atoms. b. matter waves.
b. an average weight of the isotopes of an element. c. quanta.
c. the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. d. photons.
d. a weighted average of the masses of isotopes of an element 22. The arrangement of electrons in orbitals is called
based on abundance. a. electron configuration.
12. This isotope provides the standard to which the masses of all b. periodic table.
other isotopes are compared: c. quantum numbers.
a. carbon-12 d. energy levels.
b. oxygen-16 23. Group IIA elements are called
c. hydrogen-1 a. alkali metals.
d. gold-197 b. alkaline earth metals.
13. In 1910, Max Planck introduced the idea that matter emits and c. alkaline salts.
absorbs energy in d. beryllium metals.
a. light waves. 24. The elements in A groups are called
b. discrete units called quanta. a. alkali elements.
c. pulses with no particular pattern. b. transition elements.
d. pulses that vary in magnitude over time. c. representative elements.
14. Energy of the electron is expressed in units of d. metals.
a. electron volts. 25. The element chlorine belongs to which group?
b. electron watts. a. Alkali metals
c. quantum leaps. b. Lanthanides
d. orbit numbers. c. Halogens
15. The major success of the Bohr theory was in explaining d. Noble gases
a. how electrons move in circular orbits. 26. The gain or loss of electrons from an atom results in the
b. why radiationless orbits existed. formation of a (an)
c. the colors in the hydrogen line spectrum. a. ion.
d. why the angular momentum of the electron should be by b. metal.
orbit quantum numbers. c. semiconductor.
d. isotope.

8-21 CHAPTER 8 Atoms and Periodic Properties 223