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27. Earth’s atmosphere is mostly composed of 37. Summertime breezes would not blow if Earth did not experience
a. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. a. cumulus clouds.
b. nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. b. differential heating.
c. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. c. the ozone layer.
d. oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor. d. a lapse rate in the troposphere.
28. Which of the following gases cycle into and out of the 38. On a clear, calm, cool night, you would expect the air temperature
atmosphere? over a valley floor to be what compared to the air temperature
a. Nitrogen over a slope to the valley?
b. Carbon dioxide a. Cooler
c. Oxygen b. Warmer
d. All of the above are correct. c. The same temperature
29. If it were not for the ocean, Earth’s atmosphere would probably d. Sometimes warmer and sometimes cooler
be mostly 39. Air moving down a mountain slope is often warm because
a. nitrogen. a. it has been closer to the Sun.
b. carbon dioxide. b. cool air is denser and settles to lower
c. oxygen. elevations.
d. argon. c. it is compressed as it moves to lower elevations.
30. Your ear makes a “pop” sound as you descend in an elevator d. this occurs only during the summertime.
because 40. Considering Earth’s overall atmosphere, you would expect more
a. air is moving from the atmosphere into your eardrum. rainfall to occur in a zone of
b. air is moving from your eardrum to the atmosphere. a. high atmospheric pressure.
c. air is not moving into or out of your eardrum. b. low atmospheric pressure.
d. None of the above is correct. c. prevailing westerly winds.
31. Most of the total energy radiated by the Sun is d. prevailing trade winds.
a. visible light. 41. Considering Earth’s overall atmosphere, you would expect to
b. ultraviolet radiation. find a desert located in a zone of
c. infrared radiation. a. high atmospheric pressure.
d. gamma radiation. b. low atmospheric pressure.
32. How much of the total amount of solar radiation reaching the c. prevailing westerly winds.
outermost part of Earth’s atmosphere reaches the surface? d. prevailing trade winds.
a. All of it 42. Water molecules can go (1) from the liquid state to the vapor
b. About 99 percent state and (2) from the vapor state to the liquid state. When is the
c. About 75 percent movement from the liquid to the vapor state only?
d. About one-half a. Evaporation
33. The solar radiation that does reach Earth’s surface b. Condensation
a. is eventually radiated back to space. c. Saturation
b. shows up as an increase in temperature. d. This usually does not occur alone.
c. is reradiated at different wavelengths. 43. What condition means a balance between the number of water
d. All of the above are correct. molecules moving to and from the liquid state?
34. The greenhouse effect results in warmer temperatures near the a. Evaporation
surface because b. Condensation
a. clouds trap infrared radiation near the surface. c. Saturation
b. some of the energy is reradiated back toward the surface. d. None of the above is correct.
c. carbon dioxide molecules do not permit the radiation to 44. Without adding or removing any water vapor, a sample of the
leave. atmosphere experiencing an increase in temperature will have
d. carbon dioxide and water vapor both trap infrared radiation. a. a higher relative humidity.
35. The temperature increases with altitude in the stratosphere b. a lower relative humidity.
because c. the same relative humidity.
a. it is closer to the Sun than the troposphere. d. a changed absolute humidity.
b. heated air rises to the stratosphere. 45. Cooling a sample of water vapor results in a (an)
c. of a concentration of ozone. a. increased capacity.
d. the air is less dense in the stratosphere. b. decreased capacity.
36. Ozone is able to protect Earth from harmful amounts of c. unchanged capacity.
ultraviolet radiation by 46. On a clear, calm, and cool night, dew or frost is most likely
a. reflecting it back to space. to form
b. absorbing it and decomposing, then reforming. a. under trees or other shelters.
c. refracting it to a lower altitude. b. on bare ground on the side of a hill.
d. All of the above are correct. c. under a tree on the side of a hill.
d. on grass in an open, low-lying area.

562 CHAPTER 22 The Atmosphere of Earth 22-22