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Step 2: Thickness Removed
CHAPTER 22
10 3
V = 5.2 × 10 m V _

V = Az ∴ z = Example 22.2, p. 545
4 2 A
A = 6.23 × 1 0 km Rearrange the pressure-volume equation to solve for volume at a pres-
2 2
z = ? Convert the area from km to m . sure of 850 millibars.
(
6
_
4 2 1 × 1 0 m 2 P 1 = 1,013 millibars

6.23 × 10 km 2 )

1 km V 1 = 825.0 cm 3
10 2
6.23 × 1 0 m P 2 = 850 millibars
3
10
__ V 2 = ?
5.2 × 1 0 m

z =
10
6.23 × 1 0 m 2 _
P 1 V 1
P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 ∴ V 2 =
10
_ _ 3 P 2
5.2 × 1 0 m

=
10
3
6.23 × 1 0 m 2 (1,013 millibars)(825.0 cm )
___

V 2 =
= 8.3 × 10 m (850 millibars)
–1
3
(1,013)(825.0) (millibar)(cm )
__ __

=

(850) (millibar)
CHAPTER 21 = 983 cm 3
Example 21.2, p. 530
When the tree was alive, the proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 Example 22.4, p. 549
in the wood would have been equal to its surroundings. It would Use the values provided and the formula in the example to solve for
insolation.
take 4 half-lives for the carbon-14 to decay to one-sixteenth of the
normal proportion. 3 W _

I max = 1.0 × 10
m 2
number of half-lives = 4
L stick = 0.5 m
3
time of half-life = 5.730 × 10 yr L shadow = 0.12 m
age = ? I = ?
√ L + L )
age = (number of half-lives)(time of half-life) I = I max __
L stick

2
2
3

= (4)(5.730 × 10 yr) (

shadow
stick
4
0.50 m
3 W _ __
= 2.292 × 10 yr = 1.0 × 10 2)

2
√
2
m ( (0.50 m) + (0.12 m)
Example 21.4, p. 533 3 __ W _ _
m
2)

=1.0 × 10 0.50

Faunal assemblage problems are solved by comparing the age ranges 2 2
2) m ( √ m
√
( 0.50 + 0.12
of each of the life-forms and determining the geologic time in which
3 __ W _
)
0.50

the age ranges overlap. This can be visualized by creating a table that = 1.0 × 10

+
( √ m 2

0.014
0.25
lists the geologic periods encompassing the age ranges of all of the life-
3 _ W _
)
forms present in the assemblage and shading the age range of each life- = 1.0 × 10 0.50

( √ m 2
0.264
form. In this case, the three life-forms could have coexisted only during
the Late Devonian. = 1.0 × 10 _
3 0.50 W _
( )
0.51 m 2
W _
3
Geologic Trilobite Echinoderm Brachiopod = 1.0 × 10 (0.98)

2
Period m
2 W _
Pennsylvanian = 9.8 × 10

2
Mississippian Late m
Devonian
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
D-9 APPENDIX D Solutions for Follow-Up Example Exercises 641