Page 7 - Focus SPM KSSM 2021 Science (BI Version)

Science SPM Chapter 2 Emergency Help

Importance of CPR choking, due to something (for example food)
being stuck in the trachea.
1. The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood
continuously throughout the whole body via 2. An individual would need the Heimlich
the human blood circulatory system. Manoeuvre if he:
2. Heartbeat can be felt when the valves in the (a) suddenly holds his neck with both hands
heart open and shut to allow passage for the (b) is unable to speak or cough
blood. (c) has bluish or blackish skin, lips and nails
3. Once there is no heartbeat, the blood is no (d) has difficulty breathing
longer flow in the heart.
4. Thus, chest compressions must be done to push The Importance of the Heimlich Manoeuvre Form
blood out of the heart cavities and continue 1. When we are swallowing food, the epiglottis
moving in the vessels. This ensures blood flow will fold and block the respiratory tract 4
throughout the body. (trachea) to prevent the food from entering
the trachea.
2. Food travels to the stomach via oesophagus.

3. Based on several factors, the epiglottis might
accidentally open and allow foreign objects
or foods to enter the trachea. This results in
choking.
Figure 2.2 Chest compression

5. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation provides oxygen
into the body.
6. Oxygen will run through the lungs and thus be
carried via the blood stream to the rest of the
body.

7. When the brain lacks oxygen for around four
minutes, brain cells will begin to die, leading to
brain damage or worse, it will result to death. Food enters the
Epiglottis trachea

Checkpoint 2.1 Trachea Oesophagus
Q1 What is CPR?
Q2 Under what circumstances do we need CPR? Figure 2.3 Foreign objects or food entering the trachea
Q3 What is the importance of CPR?
4. This cuts off oxygen to the lungs and thus cuts
off oxygen supply to the brain.
2.2 Heimlich Manoeuvre 5. If emergency aid is not given as quickly
as possible, the victim may die from brain
Definition of Heimlich Manoeuvre damage.

1. Heimlich Manoeuvre is an emergency procedure
that is carried out to save an individual who is

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