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Unit – II
Pile Foundation

© It's Engg. Life
Introduction to pile foundations

Objectives: Texts dealing with geotechnical and ground engineering techniques
classify piles in a number of ways. The objective of this unit is that in order to help
the undergraduate student understand these classifications using materials
extracted from several sources, this chapter gives an introduction to pile
foundations.

2.2 Pile foundations

Pile foundations are the part of a structure used to carry and transfer the load of
the structure to the bearing ground located at some depth below ground surface.
The main components of the foundation are the pile cap and the piles. Piles are
long and slender members which transfer the load to deeper soil or rock of high
bearing capacity avoiding shallow soil of low bearing capacity The main types of
materials used for piles are Wood, steel and concrete. Piles made from these
materials are driven, drilled or jacked into the ground and connected to pile
caps. Depending upon type of soil, pile material and load transmitting
characteristic piles are classified accordingly. In the following chapter we learn
about, classifications, functions and pros and cons of piles.

2.2 Historical

Pile foundations have been used as load carrying and load transferring
systems for many years.

In the early days of civilisation[2], from the communication, defence or strategic
point of view villages and towns were situated near to rivers and lakes. It was
therefore important to strengthen the bearing ground with some form of piling.

Timber piles were driven in to the ground by hand or holes were dug and
filled with sand and stones.