Page 205 - Health, Population and Environment Education 9

transmitted from one person to another and can cause cervical cancer and infertility.
Hence the adolescents should be awared about those infections by means of reproductive
health.

f. Control and treatment of infertility
The inability to bear children is called infertility. Both male and female have infertility
problems. In case of males, less secretion of sperms, no sperm production, infection in
testes, closure of epididymis, etc. can cause infertility whereas infection or problem of
ovary, less production of ovum, closure of fallopian tube, infection in reproductive tract,
etc. can cause infertility in females. Problem in any one of them causes problem in bearing
children. This creates lots of mental tension and other psychological problems in both
male and female. Hence, they need to seek treatment from medical experts in hospital
or infertility clinics. Nowadays, people having infertility can bear children by means of
hormone therapy, IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), sperm bank, surrogacy, etc.

g. Reproductive health problems of adolescents
Adolescents have development of reproductive system and high curiosity regarding sexual
matters due to physical, mental and emotional changes. But they lack proper knowledge
to deal with their sexual problems and to satisfy their curiosities regarding sexual matters.
Reproductive health gives knowledge and information on changes in adolescence, safe
sexual behaviours, marriage and conception at appropriate age, effects of early marriage,
etc. Hence, adolescents need to discuss about sexual matters and problems with their
parents rather than adopting unhealthy measures. Moreover, parents, teachers and
seniors should provide appropriate knowledge on reproductive health to the adolescents
so that they can have improvement of living standard and reduction of mental stress.

h. Reproductive health problems of adult women
Females have menopause after 49 years. Generally, after menopause, females have various
reproductive problems. Females who bear more children can have prolapse. Females can
have cervical cancer and breast cancer. These problems create a lot of mental stress on
them. Reproductive health provides necessary information on those problems. Females
should be counseled and encouraged for necessary medications and regular health check
up. There can be proper health care of adult females by providing reproductive health for
adolescents during adolescence.

8.4 Reproductive System

Reproductive system is the network of all those organs, their structure and functions
which are related to the process of reproduction. There is difference in reproductive
system in both male and female. The reproductive organs, their structure and functions
are also different in both males and females.
Reproductive system is divided into two types. They are:
A. Male Reproductive System
B. Female Reproductive System
GREEN Environment Population and Health Education Book-9 205