Page 210 - Health, Population and Environment Education 9

environment for implantation of ovum. Then there is ovulation (ovum production). Once
the ovum is produced, fimbriae absorb the ovum and it enters the fallopian tube. At this
time, if there is sexual intercourse, there is chance of fertilization between sperm and ovum.
If the ovum is fertilized, then it travels down the fallopian tube towards uterus. After
fertilization, the endometrium becomes more thickened to protect and nourish fertilized
ovum. Within 7 days of fertilization, the fertilized ovum travels down into uterus and
gets implanted into endomentrium. Finally, there is further development of foetus. But,
if there is no sexual intercourse, there is no chance of fusion between sperm and ovum.
After few days, pituitary gland stops production of LH and there is decrease in level of
progesterone. Ultimately, the endometrium starts to rupture and there is decrease in level
of progesterone. Ultimately, the endometrium starts to rupture and there is discharge of
blood with endometrial cells and dead unfertilized ovum. The blood discharge continues
for 4 days following by various phases. Then the new cycle begins.
Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Development of corpus luteum Maturation of graffian follicles

Secretion of progesterone hormone Secretion of oestrogen hormone

Stimulates the mucus Proliferation (rapid cell
membrane of endometrium multiplication) of endometrium
to secrete watery substance
(mucus) and helps to thicken
the endometrium Ovulation

If fertilized If not fertilized
Implantation in endometrium Decrease in level of progesterone
and further development of Affects the pituitary gland and
foetus stops production of LH
Less secretion of progesterone
Breaking down of endometrium
Discharge of blood with
endometrial cells and
unfertilized ovum

Things to be Considered During Menstruation

During menstruation, there is periodic discharge of blood. Many people consider it
unnatural, dirty and separate females from others. Females under menstruation have
some physical problems like stomach ache, waist pain, constipation, weakness, dizziness,
210 GREEN Environment Population and Health Education Book-9