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i. Saving
Saving is the sum of money collected after making
necessary expenses. It helps to overcome some
unexpected problems or difficulties. It can also be
invested in income generating activities. It helps to
increase the income of the family and upgrade the
quality of life of the people. Therefore, saving is
regarded as an important element of quality of life.
j. Housing Fig: 14
A house protects us from heat, cold, rain , wild
animals, thieves, enemies, etc. It is necessary to
prevent different problems. The size of house
should match the size of a family. This helps to
prevent the misunderstanding that can occur
between the family members due to lack of
sufficient space in the family. A good house should
have separate rooms for kitchen, toilet, bedroom,
dining room, store, etc. It should also be airy and
bright. Fig: 15

k. Socio-cultural Values
Our society gives more importance to sons
than daughters. They regard the daughters as
untouchable during menstruation. Similarly, the
use of alcohol, cigarette, etc. during feast and
festivals, gathering, etc. are our social and cultural
systems. These systems degrade the quality of life.
Such systems should be discouraged. All gender,
caste, occupation, etc. should be given equal
importance. The habit of making unnecessary Fig: 16
expenditure should be controlled. Therefore,
social and cultural values play an important role in maintaining quality of life.

5.2 Base of Quality of life

Quality of life is a complex subject. Different perspectives are found in defining quality
of life. Education, health services, food, employment, social norms and values, etc. are
included in quality of life. Quality of life is measured in different ways in different
countries. Some of the bases to measure quality of life are given below:

a. Fulfillment of Basic Needs
Quality of life depends on the degree of satisfaction and happiness of an individual, family,
society and the nation. Human beings have various kinds of needs. The fulfillment of basic
needs like food, clothes, shelter, etc. is one of the major index of economic development
of a nation that shows the quality of life of the people. It was included as one of the major
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