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food, quality education, good health services and facilities, love, care and affection, good
discipline, etc. to their children. If the parents fulfill their responsibilities properly, the
children will be socialized and they also fulfill their duties towards their parents. The
children turn to be good parents in the future and helps in making the family prosperous.

j. Saving
Saving is another indicator of happy and quality life. The habit of saving helps to meet
the emergency needs. Besides, the saved amount can also be invested in some income
generating activities which further helps to increase the income of the family. When there
is good income in the family, the members of the family will be happy.

5.4 Human Development index (HDi)

Human development Index (HDI) is the latest indicator used to measure the quality of life
of people, family, society and the nation. It was introduced by Mahbal Ul Haq and Amartya
Sen. Different countries in the world use education, health, employment, per capita income,
fulfillment of basic needs, security, etc. as the basic elements of quality of life. These elements
constitute HDI. HDI and quality of life are complementary to each other.
UNDP has been publishing the HDI report at regular interval since 1990 A.D. through
World Human Resource Development Report (WHDR). Human Development Report
classifies the countries in different categories by studying the condition of human
development all over the world. The value of human development Index lies between 0
–1. Those countries which have high HDI value are considered as the countries with high
quality of life than the other. It also helps to compare the situation of human development
of the past and present of any country. It also helps the government to formulate necessary
plans and programmes for the development of different sectors. Human Development
Index measures the human development on the following basis.
i. Long and Healthy Life:

This is measured from average life expectancy
ii. Education:
This is measured on the basis of adult literacy as well as from the ratio of total enrollment
of basic, secondary and higher education.

iii. Good standard life:
This is measured on by per capita income, gross domestic product and purchasing power
of people.

HDI classifies the countries in the following ways on the basis of score.
i. Low Human Development Index: The value of HDI from 0.000–0.549
ii. Medium Human Development Index: The value of HDI from 0. 550–0.699
iii. High Human Development Index: The value of HDI from 0.700 – 0.800
iv. Very High Human Development Index: The HDI value 0.800 and above.
106 GREEN Health, Population and Environment Education Book-10