Page 135 - Health, Population and Environment Education 10

b. Man-made Conservation Areas (Ex-Situ Conservation)
Artificial conservation areas established to protect birds and animals by creating artificial
environment are known as ex-situ conservation. They protect the living beings from
being extinct. Botanical garden, zoo, nursery, aquarium, etc. are the examples of ex-situ
conservation areas. They help to conserve the plants and animals. The conservation works
help in protecting the breed of living beings for their growth and reproduction.

c. Local Programmes for Raising Awareness
Different government organizations and non-governmental organizations are involved in
the conservation of biodiversity. The Ministry of Population and Environment formulates
policies and implements programmes for the conservation and promotion of natural
environment. The Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, and
Ministry of Industry have been conducting various programmes for the conservation of
natural environment and watershed. These programmes are related with population and
environment which help in conserving the ecosystem.

d. Conservation Programmes at National Level
Biodiversity is our common property. We need to conserve it. A joint effort is needed for
the conservation of biodiversity. Therefore, various conservation programmes are being
conducted at community and national level. Nepal Trust for Nature Conservation (which
was formerly known as King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation) conducts various
programmes at community level through people’s participation. Different international
organizations like IUCN, WWF and World Conservation Union are conducting some
programmes for environment conservation. They help to conserve biodiversity by
conserving the environment. Therefore, the joint effort of the individual, non-governmental
organizations, INGOs, etc. make the conservation activities more effective.

Activity: 3

Prepare a project work on rare plants and animals in Nepal.

Summary

1. Those resources which are gifted by nature are called natural resources.
2. Biodiversity refers to the living organisms found per unit square area. It indicates
the total number of living species on the earth, their status, their variation, systems
and structure.
3. Biodiversity of a location means the existence of organisms and species of living
beings per square unit area of any place.
4. Ecosystem is the interaction between the living and non-living things present in the
environment.
5. Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety and frequency of distinct ecosystem
including variety of habitats, biotic communities and their changes in composition
and structure overtime.

GREEN Health, Population and Environment Education Book-10 135