Page 141 - Health, Population and Environment Education 10

Fig: 4
Scurvy Heart attack Obesity

Non-communicable diseases mainly occur due to malfunction of body parts, unhealthy
lifestyle, mental stress, lack of physical exercise, smoking, drinking alcohol, etc. But non-
communicable diseases do not occur due to micro-organisms. It means that bacteria,
viruses, protozoa, worms, etc. are not responsible for occurrence of non-communicable
diseases. Diabetes occurs due to lack of insulin hormone in the body. Heart diseases
occur due to unhealthy lifestyle, regular consumption of alcohol, fatty and oily foods, etc.
Throat cancer, lung cancer, etc. may occur due to regular consumption of tobacco. Non-
communicable diseases like anaemia, scurvy, marasmus, night blindness, kwashiorkor,
etc. occur due to malnutrition.

7.3 Modes of Transmission of Communicable Diseases

1. Direct contact with the patient/infected person
Examples: Common cold, swine flu, mumps, measles, chicken pox, conjunctivitis,
scabies, AIDS, etc.
2. Droplet transmission
Examples: Common cold, mumps, measles, tuberculosis, etc.
3. Animal/Insect bite
Examples: Rabies, malaria, filariasis, encephalitis, plague, etc.
4. Use of contaminated food and drinks
Examples: Typhoid, diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, hepatitis, etc.
5. Use of personal articles of the patient

Examples: Mumps, measles, polio, common cold, chicken pox, etc.
6. Unsafe and unhealthy sexual intercourse
Examples: AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhoea, hepatitis, etc.
7. Infected organ transplantation
Examples: AIDS, hepatitis, etc.
8. Use of contaminated syringe
Examples: AIDS, hepatitis, etc.

GREEN Health, Population and Environment Education Book-10 141