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b. Biological Aspects
There is ecosystem diversity in terai region. A wide rage of plants, animals, birds, insects
and other creatures are found in terai region. It consists of Sal, Sisso, Simal, Khayar, Asna,
Bar, Peepal, Bamboo, etc. It has dense forest. Elephant, Rhinoceros, Tiger, Leopard, Deer,
Black buck, Fox, Buffalo, Monkey, etc. are found in the dense forest of terai region. Varieties
of Fish, Tortoise, Crocodile, etc. are present in rivers, lakes, ponds. There is abundant
presence of eagle, parrot, dove, pigeon, crow, peacock, saras, crane, vulture, giant pied
hornbill, etc. in the forests of terai region. As terai region has very fertile land, rice, wheat
and maize are extensively cultivated. Even the vegetables, fruits like mango, water
melon, jackfruit, grapes, etc. are cultivated easily. Similarly, there is massive cultivation
of cash crops like jute, sugarcane, cotton, mustard, legumes, coconut, cashew nut, etc. in
terai region. It consists of several medicinal plants like harro, barro, amala, tulsi, neem,
sarpagandha, sugandhawal, etc. in this region.

c. Socio-Economic Aspects
Terai region has diversity in socio-economic
aspects. People like Yadav, Rajbanshi, Tharu, Satar,
Mushahar, Jha, Majhi, Danuwar, Muslims, Rajput,
Dhimal, etc. live in terai region. They speak Maithili,
Bhojpuri, Awadhi, Tharu, etc. languages in different
geographical locations. People in terai region follow
Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Kiranti,
Sikhism, etc. religions. They celebrate Dashain,
Tihar, Chhath, Maghi, Id, Fagu purnima, etc.
quite happily. This region is rich in many famous Fig: 11
cultural heritages like Lumbini, Barah Kshetra,
Chinnamasta, Gadhimai, Janaki temple, Janakpurdham, Bageshoweri temple, Devghat,
etc. The Jhingiya, Sakhiya, etc. are famous dances in terai. As the temprature is hot, people
in terai region wear thin clothes like dhoti, kurta, shirt, pant, t-shirt, sari, cholo, gamcha,
etc. during summer season.
Accroding to 2011 A.D census, 50.27% of total population live in terai region. The population
is continuously increasing in terai region. As, it has flat land, it becomes quite easier to
conduct development activities in terai and there is availability of several facilities like
health services, education, transportation, communication, electricity, employment, etc.
more in terai region. The major cities of terai region are Biratnagar, Bharatpur, Birgunj,
Butawal, Bhairahwa, Mahendranagar, Birtamod, Itahari, Janakpur, Nepalgunj, Dhangadi,
etc. In terai, people have small and large houses. Some are made up of mud, grass tiles,
etc. whereas modern buildings have been constructed in big cities.

Terai region has more industrialization. Many big industries, commercial hubs, factories
etc. have been established in terai. Many industries have been established in Biratnagar,
Itahari, Birgunj, Simara, Bhairahawa, Butawal, Nepalgung, Kohalpur industrial corridor.
There are Birgunj, Belhiya, Krishna nagar, Jamunah, Kakadvitta, Birtamod, Gaddhachauki
naaka in different parts of terai from where there is business and trade in Nepal. As terai
has fertile land, wide range of food and cash crops are cultivated. So, many people are
involved in agriculture as well. There is huge irrigation facility through Bagmati irrigation
GREEN Health, Population and Environment Education Book-10 81