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4.3 Ecosystem by Geographical Regions and Effects on Environmental
Status

Various factors and conditions affect the ecosystem. Generally, increase of population,
conduction of development activity, forest fire, landslide, climate change, global warming,
etc. have serious impacts on ecosystem. As a result, there is great threat on the existing
plant, animals, birds, insects, etc. Human beings are also seriously affected by all of them.
Hence, it is so essential that the adverse impacts of human activities should be minimized
and ecosystem degradation should be controlled.

Effects of Ecosystem Degradation in Mountain Region and Their
Mitigating Measures

Mountain region has very difficult land topography. It consists of mountains, steep
slopes and rocky areas. So, it is very hard to conduct development activities there. As a
result, there is less availability of facilities like health services, education, transportation,
communication, etc. On top of them, mountain region has extremely cold climate and
life is very harsh there. More and more people are uneducated and unemployed as well.
There is increase of population and the resources like forest, water, soil, etc. are randomly
utilized. Due to this, various problems are seen in mountain region. Some of the effects of
ecosystem degradation in mountain region with their mitigating measures are as follows:

a. Excessive Use of Forest
Though the population growth is less in mountain region, increase of resources is not
much reduced. People randomly cut down trees for various household activities like
cooking food, heating water, burning wood, etc. As a result, there is depletion of wildlife,
increase of landslide and soil erosion. Hence, people must not randomly cut down trees.
There should be increase of afforestation in the open places. Moreover, priority should be
given for the use of alternative sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy electricity,
biogas, etc. so as to decrease more dependency on forest.

Fig: 12
Deforestation Afforestation

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