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c h a p t e r t w o
CArAtive fACtors / Caritas ProCesses:
Original and Evolved Core for Professional Nursing
The background on my major books on Caring Theory, Philosophy,
and Caring Science helps us see the evolution of my original work.
This revised, updated edition builds upon the primary source mate-
rial from the 1979 text and its evolution from what is known as the ten
Carative Factors (CFs) toward ten Caritas Processes (CPs). Likewise, this
revision incorporates ideas from my previous published works, sum-
marized and developed as background in Section I.
Table 2.1 includes the original 1979 Carative Factors (with minor
edits from the 1985 book). The original ten Carative Factors, juxtaposed
against the emerging Caritas Processes, are summarized in Table 2.2.
Core AspeCts theory of humAn CAring
• Relational Caring as ethical-moral-philosophical values-guided
foundation
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