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244 UNIT III Nursing Conceptual Models

MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS
The self-care deficit nursing theory is a general
theory composed of the following four related Accomplishes patient’s
therapeutic self-care
theories:
1. The theory of self-care, which describes why Nurse Compensates for patient’s
and how people care for themselves. action inability to engage
2. The theory of dependent-care, which explains in self-care
how family members and/or friends provide Supports and protects
dependent-care for a person who is socially patient
dependent. Wholly compensatory system
3. The theory of self-care deficit, which describes
and explains why people can be helped through
nursing Performs some self-care
measures for patient
4. The theory of nursing systems, which describes
and explains relationships that must be brought Compensates for self-care
about and maintained for nursing to be produced limitations of patient
The major concepts of these theories are identi- Assists patient as required
fied here and discussed more fully in Orem (2001), Nurse
Nursing: Concepts of Practice (see Figure 14–1). action
Performs some self-care
Self-Care measures
Self-care comprises the practice of activities that ma- Regulates self-care agency Patient
action
turing and mature persons initiate and perform,
within time frames, on their own behalf in the interest Accepts care and assistance
from nurse
of maintaining life, healthful functioning, continuing
personal development, and well-being by meeting Partly compensatory system
known requisites for functional and developmental
regulations (Orem, 2001, p. 522). Accomplishes self-care

Dependent Care Patient
action
Dependent care refers to the care that is provided to Nurse Regulates the exercise and
development of
a person who, because of age or related factors, is action self-care agency
unable to perform the self-care needed to maintain
life, healthful functioning, continuing personal Supportive-educative system
development, and well-being. FIGURE 14-1 Basic nursing systems. (From Orem, D. E.
[2001]. Nursing: Concepts of practice [6th ed., p. 351].
Self-Care Requisites St. Louis: Mosby.)
A self-care requisite is a formulated and expressed
insight about actions to be performed that are within the norms compatible with life, health, and
known or hypothesized to be necessary in the regu- personal well-being
lation of an aspect(s) of human functioning and 2. The nature of the required action
development, continuously or under specified con- Formulated and expressed self-care requisites
ditions and circumstances. A formulated self-care constitute the formalized purposes of self-care. They
requisite names the following two elements: are the reasons for which self-care is undertaken;
1. The factor to be controlled or managed to keep an they express the intended or desired result—the goal
aspect(s) of human functioning and development of self-care (Orem, 2001, p. 522).