Page 333 - alligood 8th edition_Neat

314 UNIT III Nursing Conceptual Models

The Roy Adaptation Model has been applied than 100,000 student nurses had been educated
to adult patients with various medical conditions, in nursing programs based on the Roy Adaptation
including post-traumatic stress disorder (Nayback, Model in the United States and abroad. The Roy
2009), to women in menopause (Cunningham, 2002), Adaptation Model provides educators with a system-
and to the assessment of an elderly man undergoing atic way of teaching students to assess and care for
a right, below-the-knee amputation. The Roy Adapta- patients within the context of their lives rather than
tion Model has been used to evaluate the care just as victims of illness.
of needs of adolescents with cancer (Ramini, Brown, Dobratz (2003) evaluated the learning outcomes of
& Buckner, 2008), asthma (Buckner, Simmons, Brake- a nursing research course designed from the perspec-
field, et al., 2007), high-normal or hypertensive blood tive of the Roy Adaptation Model and described in
pressure readings (Starnes & Peters, 2004), and death detail how to teach the theoretical content to students
and dying (Dobratz, 2011). in a senior nursing research course. The evaluation
Kan (2009) used the Roy Adaptation Model tool was a Likert-type scale that contained seven
to study perceptions of recovery following coronary statements. Students were asked to disagree, agree,
artery bypass surgery for patients who had undergone or strongly agree with seven statements. Four open-
this surgery for the first time. Findings revealed a ended questions were included to elicit information
positive relationship between perception of recovery from students about the most helpful learning activ-
and role function. Knowledge of adaptive responses ity, the least helpful learning activity, methods used by
following cardiac surgery has important implications the instructor that enhanced learning and grasp of
for discharge planning and discharge teaching. research, and what the instructor could have done to
increase learning. The researcher concluded that a
Education research course based on the Roy Adaptation Model
The Roy Adaptation Model defines the distinct pur- helped students put the pieces of the research puzzle
pose of nursing for students, which is to promote the together.
adaptation of persons in each of the adaptive modes
in situations of health and illness. This model distin- Research
guishes nursing science from medical science by If research is to affect practitioners’ behaviors, it must
having the content of these areas taught in separate be directed toward testing and retesting theories
courses. She stresses collaboration but delineates derived from conceptual models for nursing prac-
separate goals for nurses and physicians. According tice. Roy (1984) has stated that theory development
to Roy (1971), it is the nurse’s goal to help the patient and the testing of developed theories are the highest
put his or her energy into getting well, whereas the priorities for nursing. The model continues to gener-
medical student focuses on the patient’s position on ate many testable hypotheses to be researched.
the health-illness continuum with the goal of causing Roy’s theory has generated a number of general
movement along the continuum. She views the model propositions. From these general propositions, spe-
as a valuable tool for analyzing the distinctions cific hypotheses can be developed and tested. Hill and
between the two professions of nursing and medi- Roberts (1981) have demonstrated the development
cine. Roy (1979) believes that curricula based on this of testable hypotheses from the model, as has Roy.
model support students’ understanding of theory Data to validate or support the model are created by
development as they learn about testing theories and the testing of such hypotheses; the model continues to
experience theoretical insights. Roy (1971, 1979) generate more of this type of research. The Roy Adap-
noted early on that the model clarified objectives, tation Model has been used extensively to guide
identified content, and specified patterns for teaching knowledge development through nursing research
and learning. (Frederickson, 2000).
The Roy Adaptation Model has been used in the Roy (1970) has identified a set of concepts that
educational setting and has guided nursing education form a model from which the process of observation
at Mount Saint Mary’s College Department of Nurs- and classification of facts would lead to postulates.
ing in Los Angeles since 1970. As early as 1987, more These postulates concern the occurrence of adaptation