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CHAPTER 17 Sister Callista Roy 311

coping processes” (Andrews & Roy, 1991, p. 14). The
cognator coping subsystem, by way of the self-concept, HUMAN SYSTEMS
interdependence, and role function adaptive modes,
“responds through four cognitive-emotive channels: PHYSIOLOGICAL- SELF-
perceptual information processing, learning, judgment, STIMULI PHYSICAL CONCEPT–
and emotion” (Andrews & Roy, 1991, p. 14). Perception GROUP
is the interpretation of a stimulus, and perception links IDENTITY
the regulator with the cognator in that “input into the COPING
regulator is transformed into perceptions. Perception PROCESSES
is a process of the cognator. The responses following BEHAVIOR
perception are feedback into both the cognator and the INTERDEPENDENCE
regulator” (Galligan, 1979, p. 67). ROLE
The four adaptive modes of the two subsystems in FUNCTION
Roy’s model provide form or manifestations of cognator
BEHAVIOR
and regulator activity. Responses to stimuli are carried ADAPTATION
out through four adaptive modes. The physiological- FIGURE 17-2 Diagrammatic representation of human adap-
physical adaptive mode is concerned with the way tive systems. (From Roy, C., & Andrews, H. [1999]. The Roy
humans interact with the environment through physi- adaptation model [2nd ed.]. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.)
ological processes to meet the basic needs of oxygen-
ation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, and
protection. The self-concept group identity adaptive
mode is concerned with the need to know who one is Relationships among the four adaptive modes occur
and how to act in society. An individual’s self-concept is when internal and external stimuli affect more than
defined by Roy as “the composite of beliefs or feelings one mode, when disruptive behavior occurs in more
that an individual holds about him- or herself at any than one mode, or when one mode becomes the
given time” (Roy & Andrews, 1999, p. 49). An individ- focal, contextual, or residual stimulus for another
ual’s self-concept is composed of the physical self (body mode (Brower & Baker, 1976; Chinn & Kramer,
sensation and body image) and the personal self (self- 2008; Mastal & Hammond, 1980).
consistency, self-ideal, and moral-ethical-spiritual self). With regard to human social systems, Roy broadly
The role function adaptive mode describes the primary, categorizes the control processes into the stabilizer
secondary, and tertiary roles that an individual per- and innovator subsystems. The stabilizer subsystem is
forms in society. A role describes the expectations about analogous to the regulator subsystem of the individ-
how one person behaves toward another person. The ual and is concerned with stability. To maintain the
interdependence adaptive mode describes the interac- system, the stabilizer subsystem involves organiza-
tions of people in society. The major task of the interde- tional structure, cultural values, and regulation of
pendence adaptive mode is for persons to give and daily activities of the system. The innovator subsys-
receive love, respect, and value. The most important tem is associated with the cognator subsystem of the
components of the interdependence adaptive mode are individual and is concerned with creativity, change,
a person’s significant other (spouse, child, friend, or and growth (Roy & Andrews, 1999).
God) and his or her social support system. The purpose
of the four adaptive modes is to achieve physiological,
psychological, and social integrity. The four adaptive Logical Form
modes are interrelated through perception (Roy & The Roy Adaptation Model of nursing is both deduc-
Andrews, 1999) (Figure 17–2). tive and inductive. It is deductive in that much
The person as a whole is made up of six subsys- of Roy’s theory is derived from Helson’s psychophys-
tems. These subsystems (the regulator, the cognator, ics theory. Helson developed the concepts of focal,
and the four adaptive modes) are interrelated to form contextual, and residual stimuli, which Roy (1971)
a complex system for the purpose of adaptation. redefined within nursing to form a typology of factors