Page 13 - DK Children's Encyclopedia

The story of... The story of...
Pets Dogs are good at keeping These pages bring together
Helpful pets
people company. They are also
Pets have become an important part of humans’ lives. easy to train, and can be used to Guide dogs
are specially
Many animals are kept as companions, for work, or to help people with disabilities. trained to help information from the different
A dog can be a person’s
people who need
help people go about their daily lives. It is estimated eyes or ears, and help help seeing.
that 44 percent of homes in the world have a pet. them get around. subjects, to get you thinking
about things from lots of
Pets
Canaan dog big and small Pets in space
For years, animals have helped
Pets aren’t just dogs and scientists answer questions about different angles. These pages
cats—we keep all sorts of how humans would survive in space.
animals as pets. They vary from Budgie Dogs Belka and Strelka (above) were
big dogs and horses to small sent into space on the Sputnik 5 in are not arranged alphabetically.
snakes and hamsters. Each 1960. They returned safely to Earth
species needs a special diet using a parachute.
First pets and room to exercise.
Dogs were the first animals
to be kept as pets. They were
used for hunting—helping early
humans to catch food. Ancient
art from 12,000 years ago
shows humans and Dog
dogs together.
Cat
Bronze statue Bearded dragon
of a cat from
ancient Egypt
Holy cats Goldfish
The ancient Egyptians
loved cats. They caught mice, Rabbit
rats, and snakes, which kept Not pets
people’s homes clean. Cats were It is illegal to keep some animals.
also believed to have special Guinea pig Wild animals, such as monkeys, can
powers for guarding children. even be dangerous. Before getting a
The punishment for killing Hamster pet, make sure you know that the
a cat was death. animal has come from a good home
and has not been taken from
Gerbil the wild.
Tarantula
Snake
152 153
Reference
Tree of life Multiplication
The tree of life shows how Origins of life If you times two numbers Find the second number The reference section
(2) on the top row and
closely related different together you are multiplying follow the column down
groups of living things are. them. You can use this table to 1 2 3 to where it meets the row
You can follow the branches quickly work out the answer for the first number. contains useful lists,
to see, for example, that Bacteria to multiplying any two
sharks evolved before numbers between 1 and 20. 1 1 2 3
amphibians. Plants diagrams, and tables.
Fungi 2 2 4 6
By following down the
To work out what
9
10 Animals When we multiply a 3 x 2 equals, find the 3 column across from 3 and For example, there is a
3
6
down from 2, you can see
number by itself, we say
first number (3) on
that 3 x 2 = 6.
million species are it has been “squared.” the lefthand column. map of the world, and there
thought to live on 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
the Earth.
Sponges 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Jellyfish are lists of great artists,
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 scientists, and writers.
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Vertebrates Starfish
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120
Mollusks Roundworms 7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 126 133 140 Glossary
Jawless 8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144 152 160
fish
36
Glossary Hole or tunnel dug in the ground Animal with a body temperature 10 20 30 Bowl-shaped dent on the surface 80 90 passes into the shadow 130 140 such as arthropods that do not 190 mushrooms and molds, that break The glossary is a list of some
135
180
Earthworms Arthropods Sharks burrow cold-blooded 9 9 18 27 crater 45 54 63 72 81 eclipse 90 99 108 117 126 exoskeleton 144 153 162 171 fungi
When an object in space
Hard outer casing of animals
Group of living things, including
180
120
40
60
200
170
150
that goes up and down to match
110
of a planet or other body in space,
50
160
100
70
by an animal, to live in
10
have an inside skeleton
of another object
caused by a collision with a rock
down dead plants and animals to
calendar
temperature
165
220
Breakdown of the year into Bony fish the surrounding air or water 11 22 33 crim 44e 55 66 77 88 99 election 121 132 143 154 experiment 176 187 198 209 make their food
11
110
Test to see how something
galaxy
Event where people vote to
abstract atmosphere days and months; used to work colony Activity that is against the law 108 decide who will be part of 156 168 works 180 228 Huge group of stars, gas, and of the more difficult words used
Large group of animals that
out the date
240
144
120
132
Art that does not copy real life Layer of gas that surrounds live together 12 12 24 36 crop 48 60 72 84 96 the government 192 204 216 dust held together by gravity
exactly, but may only look a bit like a planet Amphibians camouflage Group of plants that are grown explorer
130
208
195
221
52
an object, or represent a feeling atom Colors or patterns that help comet 13 13 26 39 as food 65 78 91 104 117 electricity 143 156 169 182 Someone who travels to 234 247 gas 260
used to power appliances such
Lizards and adaptation Smallest part of an element something appear to blend in Object made of dust and ice that crust Type of energy that can be unmapped places to find State of matter with no fixed in the book. If you would like an
orbits around the sun, developing
out what is there
shape, such as air, that fills any
with its environment
70
snakes Way in which an animal or a plant that can take part in a chemical a tail as it gets close to the sun 14 28 42 Outer layer of a planet 98 112 126 as lights. It is also found 182 196 210 224 238 252 266 space it is in
168
280
154
56
14
84
140
becomes better-suited to its reaction carnivore culture naturally as lightning extinction
75
habitat attract Animal that eats only meat competition 15 15 30 45 Way of life and belie 90fs of the 120 135 element 165 180 195 210 When all of a particular animal or 285 generation
300
60
240
150
225
255
105
270
Group of living things that are of
Contest between two or more
Tortoises and
algebra Crocodiles When two things pull cartilage turtles people, groups, or living things people of a region or country One of 118 chemical substances plant species dies out and there a similar age, and usually related; explanation of what a word
are none left in the world
208
192
240
80
176
160
Type of math that uses letters to toward each other Tough but flexible material where one is trying to win a prize 16 32 48 deciduous tree 96 112 128 144at are made of the same type 224 factory 256 272 288 304 for example, brothers and sisters
th
320
16
64
stand for numbers or amounts avalanche found in animals that, among or resource Type of tree that loses all its of atom, such as gold, oxygen, are one generation and their
other things, makes up the
68
204
340
272
119
289
170
255
85
187
102
made
amphibians Sudden movement of a large human nose and ears, and the computers 17 17 34 51 leaves at the same time during 136 153 and helium. The elements are 221 238 Building where products are 306 323 parents are another
Cold-blooded vertebrates that amount of snow or rock down skeletons of sharks Machines that can perform the winter or the dry season arranged on the periodic table genetics means, you can look for it in
start life in water before moving a mountainside difficult tasks by following 18 18 36 54 decomposer 108 126 144 162 emperor 198 216 234 252 fertilize 288 306 324 342 Study of the genes in DNA that
180
360
270
90
72
between land and water when catapult programs Living thing, often a fungus, that Ruler of an empire Process by which cells from a cause characteristics like hair
fully grown axis Imaginary line that passes Ancient war machine used to Mammals condensation 19 19 38 57 breaks down dead matter to 152 171 empire 190 209 228 247 266 offspring, such as male plant 342 361 generation to the next. Someone
male and female join to create
color to be passed from one
76
380
114
133
95
304
285
323
hurl rocks over long distances
ancestor through the center of a planet create nutrients
Birds Ancient relative Dinosaurs or star, around which it rotates CE When a gas cools and becomes deforestation Large area with different pollen and a female plant ovum who studies genetics is called a the glossary.
peoples, ruled by a single
joining to create a seed
liquid. Often seen as droplets
80
200
120
100
genet
220
ancient bacteria Common Era, or all the years of water that form on cold 20 20 40 60 Destruction of forests 140 160 180 government or person 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400icist
after year 0
fins
Very old Tiny organisms that live chemical surfaces, such as windows democracy endangered Flattened limbs found on geometry
Type of math that deals with
286
287
antenna everywhere on Earth, such as Substance used in, or made by, conductor System of government where When an animal or plant species animals that live in water that solids, surfaces, lines, angles,
inside food, soil, or even in
One of two feelers found on an the human body a reaction between particles Substance that allows heat people outside the government is in danger of becoming extinct help them swim and space
insect‘s head with which they can such as atoms or electricity to pass through have a say in how the country is energy fish
it easily
sense their surroundings BCE run, usually by voting Source of power such as Cold-blooded vertebrates that germs
Tiny life forms, such as bacteria
appliance Before Common Era, or all the chemistry coniferous tree desert electrical energy or heat energy live underwater and have scales or viruses, that cause disease
years before year 0
Study of chemicals and their
Type of evergreen tree, usually
Machine used for a certain job reactions. Someone who studies with needlelike leaves Dry region that gets 10 in (25 cm) environment flexible gills
that is usually electrical, such as beliefs chemistry is called a chemist or less of rainfall in a year. Deserts Surroundings in which Bendy
a toaster Set of views that people hold chrysalis conquer can be hot or cold something lives float Organs of fish and some Index
amphibians that allow them
aqueduct about the world, life, and the Hard casing, often camouflaged, Act of one country taking over dictator equality Stay at the surface of a to breathe underwater
afterlife
Channel or bridge built to that a caterpillar wraps itself in another country Ruler with total power Equal rights for all people liquid, rather than sinking
carry water biology during metamorphosis conservation dinosaur equator forage glacier
Huge, thick sheet of ice moving
Study of living things and their
Trying to stop a plant or animal
Ff
architect relationship with their habitat. circuit Babylonians 145, 155 buoyancy 227 Group of reptiles, often very big, Imaginary line around the cycling 36 Searching for food in the wild rotation 77 very slowly, either down the side
classification 22
from becoming extinct
Person who plans and Index Loop that an electric current backbones 266 Burj Khalifa 48 that lived millions of years ago cliffs 93 center of the Earth that is an Cyrillic 280 seasons 221 faces 99, 173 The index lists alphabetically
of a mountain or over land.
Someone who studies biology is
force
equal distance from the North
consumer
designs buildings called a biologist travels around bacteria 38, 56, 165, 218, 225 buses, school 272–273 diplomat climate change 25, 51, 60, 122, cytoplasm 41, 56 Glaciers help to shape and factories 97, 133, 174, 212
Push or pull that causes things surface 84
form the landscape
Animal that eats a producer or
armor birds circulation Baird, John Logie 251 butterflies 134, 163, 166 travels to another to make sure 143, 198 and South poles to start moving, move faster, weather 271 fairy tales 43
Person from one country who
other consumers
Hard covering that Warm-blooded vertebrates with Path that blood travels around balanced forces 108 clocks 61, 159 erosion Dd change direction, slow down, earthquakes 84, 85 fall 221
government
provides protection Pages numbers in bold refer to the body, out from the heart ball game (Maya) 154, 240 Cc the two countries have a good clones 119 Gradual wearing away of rocks da Gama, Vasco 96, 180 eating 79, 104–105, 249 fan dancing 76 everything covered in the book,
or stop moving
continent
Group of people who run
a beak and feathers that can animals continued
a country
relationship
due to water and weather
cactuses 78
army main entries. usually fly. They lay hard-shelled through arteries and back to the One of seven large areas of land clothing 27, 62–63 daimyo 131 foreign echinoderms 139 farming 98, 105, 140, 274
habitats 126
ball sports 241
heart through veins
Organized group of soldiers eggs to produce young hibernation 129 ballet 76 into which the world is divided: caecilians 15 direction the cloud 138 eruption dairy products 106 grasslands fashion 27, 62–63
Something or someone from eclipses 77
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe,
Open land covered in grass and
Way in which an object is
When lava, ash, rock, or gas dams 211, 270
black hole
sometimes a few small bushes fat, body 229
citizen
artificial 3-D printing 91, 245 homes 23, 55 balloons 117 North America, Oceania, and calcium 90 traveling, such as up or down, or clouds 64, 270, 271 a different country or place eco homes 244
Object that is made by humans 3-D shapes 222, 269, 288 Someone who lives in a certain South America calderas 268 right or left coal 110 shoots or flows out of a volcano dance 76 fossil ecology 38 fat cells 41 along with its page number.
Object in space with such a insects 134
city or country is a citizen of banks 169
and is not found naturally strong force of gravity that invertebrates 139 bark 261 coral Callisto 141 disability codes 66–67 ethical dark matter 116, 263 gravity fats 106
Remains of a dead dinosaur, Edison, Thomas 137, 217
that place
asteroid Aa even light the Bastille 113 camels 78 Something that makes certain coding 65, 66 Something that is done the right other animal, or plant, which has eels 101 Invisible force that pulls objects faults 85
dark zone 187
nothing can escape it, not mammals 154
Hard outer skeleton of tiny sea
civil war
toward each other
been preserved in rock over time
Small, rocky object that orbits aboriginal people 186 metamorphosis 163 bats 55, 129 animals, which can build up into cameras 190 activities difficult or impossible coins 169, 201 way, with thought as to how it Darwin, Charles 95 eggs 39, 86, 146, 163 feathers 39
will affect others
the sun acid 225 boil migration 166 large coral reefs camouflage 54 for a person to do college 273 day 77 fossil fuels Egyptians, ancient 12, 17, 66, feeling (touch) 256 If there is anything you want
War between people who batteries 59, 71
habitat
Fuels made from animals and
Natural home environment feelings (emotions) 99
belong to the same country beading 75
asteroid belt actors 253 When a liquid is heated to a mythical creatures 178 core carbohydrates 106 disease colonies 21 evaporation Day of the Dead 206 152, 162, 218, 258
of an animal or plant
temperature at which it bubbles
civilization
color 26–27
adults 146
When a liquid is heated and deciduous trees 109, 126, 261
Area of the solar system between and turns into a gas or vapor pets 54, 152–153 bears 129 Center part of a planet, star, carbon 195 Condition that makes a person ill, plants that died millions of years Eid 207 ferns 194
turns into a gas or vapor
beavers 23
aerials 203
Mars and Jupiter containing a large reptiles 210 Society where people have built or moon carbon atoms 34 often caused by germs Columbus, Christopher 96, 180 decimals 112 ago, such as coal and oil Eiffel Tower 94 festivals 206–207
hardware
number of asteroids Africa 12, 180 boundary stories 42 a complex city or country beetles 134 country carbon cycle 49 drought comets 68, 164 evolution decomposers 107 electorate 123 to know about, you can look
friction
Physical parts of a computer, fiction 44
The point where one area ends
such as the keyboard and screen
climate
Process where living things deep-sea zone 187
astronaut Age of Exploration 96, 180–181 tree of life 286 beryllium 199 Area of Earth that is governed carbon dioxide 49, 60, 117, 191 communication 66, 69, 138, Force created when two electric cars 52 filaments 103
and another begins.
Weather that is usual for an area
Someone who is trained to travel vertebrates 266 bicycles 36, 162, 258–259 rainfall change, over many generations, defense system, body 225 hatch film 43, 100, 190
air 117
by the same leaders and has carnivores 107, 154
surfaces rub or slide against electrical engineering 91
Period when there is little or no 215, 250
each other
to become new species
and work in a spacecraft air pollution 198 breed zoology 38 over a long period of time Big Bang 37 the same flag carriages 258 earthquake compasses 70, 182, 218 Degas, Edgar 28 electricity 87, 120, 192 filteri
Process by which an animal breaks ng 168
Variety of a pet or farmed zoos 281
exoplanet
out of an egg
astronomy aircraft 13, 33 animal; for example, a pug is animation 100 code big cats 54 court cars 52, 92, 97, 259 Shaking of the Earth’s surface compounds 58, 168 Deimos 156 fuel circuits 59 fins 101 it up here.
computer games 69, 71, 241
Planet that orbits a star other democracy 123
biology 38, 217
hemisphere
Study of space air transportation 259 Written commands, or language, Place where it is decided if cartilage 266 caused by moving tectonic plates than the sun Substance that is burned to conducting 157 fire 82, 105
a breed of dog
engines 92 Anning, Mary 219 someone has broken the law carts 258 or volcanic activity computers 71, 137, 192, 212, 280 Denmark 102 insulators 157, 195 fish 22, 74, 101, 120, 181, 266
used in a computer program birds 22, 39, 78, 266
create heat or power
Top or bottom half of the Earth
solar-powered 181 Antarctica 24, 197 display 26 cash machines 150 circuit boards 59 denominators 112 power stations 110 eggs 86
World War II 277 antibiotics 137, 218 eggs 86 Cassini-Huygens spacecraft 216 coding 65, 66 dermis 229 electronics, recycling 205 farming 98
294
295
algebra 185 ants 21, 78, 134 flightless 186 castles 53, 244 Internet 69, 138 deserts 78, 126, 270 electrons 34, 58 sharks 223
allergies 105 apes 170 migration 166 caterpillars 163 condensation 57 diamonds 118 elements 58, 90 fishing 72
alligators 210 apples 115 nests 23 cats 54, 152, 153 conduction 157 diaphragm 149 elephants 12, 19, 154 flags 102, 193
alphabets 280, 284 aqueducts 20 birds of prey 39 cave dwellings 244 conductors 188 dictatorships 123 elliptical galaxies 116 flammability 157
aluminum 90 Arabic 144, 284 black holes 40 cave paintings 28, 243 conifers 109, 126, 194 digestion 79, 130 email 69 Fleming, Alexander 218
Amazon rain forest 204, 236 arachnids 139 Blackbeard 193 caves 55 conscientious objectors 279 digital clocks 61 emojis 280 flight 137, 209, 259, 277
American West 14 Archimedes 269 blind people 256 cells 56 conservation 72, 281 digital money 169 energy 60, 88–89 floating 227
ammonites 95, 202 architecture 245 blood 128, 149 human 41 Constantinople 262 digital radio 203 electricity 87 floods 60
amphibians 15, 22, 86, 266 Arctic 25, 197, 245 blood cells 41, 225 cell phones see mobile phones constellations 73 dinosaurs 80, 111, 184, 202 food 106, 107 flowers 103, 194
Amundsen, Roald 24 Aristotle 218 blood vessels 229 Central Powers 276 constitutions 123 directions 70 fossil fuels 110 fog 271
ancient civilizations art 28, 131, 179, 209, 243, 262 Blue Mosque 262 ceratopsians 80 construction 48 Diwali 207 engineering 91 food 104–105
ancient China 16 arteries 128 blue supergiant stars 242 cereal crops 98 container ships 224 DNA 67, 119 engines 52, 89, 92, 260 digestion 79
ancient Egypt 18 artists 282 board games 240 Charon 196 continents 50–51, 275, 293 doctors 160, 274 English language 144, 280 farming 98
ancient Greece 18 Asia 29 boats see ships cheetahs 154 Cook, James 96 documentaries 100 Enigma codes 67 nutrition 106
ancient India 19 assembly lines 97 body systems 130 chemical engineering 91 cooking 104–105 dogs 81, 95, 152, 153 environment 121, 198, plants 191
ancient Rome 20 asteroids 30, 164, 200 Bollywood 76 chemistry 58, 217 copper 47 dolphins 154 205, 258 taste 249
Aztecs 35 astronauts 31, 83, 171, 237 bones 82, 127, 228, 266 chess 240 coral reefs 74 dormice 129 epidermis 229 food chains 89, 107
Incas 132 astronomy 19, 32, 73, 167, books 43, 44, 201 children 133, 146, 277 core, Earth’s 135 dragons 178, 206–207 equality 189 football 239, 241
Maya 158 218–219 botany 38 chimpanzees 170 cornea 226 drawing 28, 219 erosion 93 forces 108
Native Americans 179 athletics 239 Brachiosaurus 80 China 29, 42, 102, 188, costumes, traditional 63 dreams 231 erratics 122 buoyancy 227
Andes 51, 172, 236 atmosphere braille 256 279, 280 countries 275, 292 drinks 97, 106, 148 eruptions, volcanic 268 friction 114
Andromeda galaxy 167 Earth 33, 49, 50, 83, 164, 270 brain 45, 99, 127, 148, 231, ancient 16, 178, 272 courts 145 droughts 60, 143 esophagus 79 gravity 125
angles 222 planets 183, 264, 265 232, 256 Chinese New Year 206–207 crafts 75, 132 dust mites 165 Europa 141 magnets 151
animals atoms 34, 37, 58, 90, 192 brass instruments 188 chloroplast 56 cranes 48 dwarf planets 196 Europe 94, 276, 277, 292 forests 72, 109, 126, 202, 204
amphibians 15 auroras 33, 247 breathing 130, 149 Christianity 208 craters 164 evaporation 57, 168 Formula 1 52
animal families 21 autumn 221 bridges 46 Christmas 206 crayons 280 Ee evergreen trees 261 fossil fuels 51, 60, 88, 110
animal groups 22 avalanches 93 broadcasting 251 chrysalises 163 creation 37 ears 127, 225, 235 evolution 82, 95, 286 fossils 80, 95, 111, 202, 219
birds 39 axes 136, 243 bronchi 149 cinder cones 268 creation stories 42, 178 Earth 83, 233, 263, 289 exercise 173 foxes 81
cells 56 axolotls 15 bronchioles 149 circles 222 crocodiles 124, 210 atmosphere 33 exosphere 33 fractions 112
colors 26 Aztecs 35 Bronze Age 47 circuits 59 cruise ships 224 changing 50–51 experiments 218 French Revolution 113
conservation 72, 281 bubbles 117 circulation 128, 130 crust, Earth’s 85, 135 gravity 125 exploration 180–181, 267 friction 108, 114
evolution 95 Bb Buddhism 208 cities 275 crustaceans 139 inside 135 explorers 96 Frobisher, Martin 96
farming 98 babies budgies 153 civil engineering 91 cubed units 269 magnetic field 70, 135, 151 exports 257 frogs 15, 78, 129, 163, 236, 266
fish 101 animals 21, 154 buildings 48 civil wars 279 cuneiform 47, 280 moon’s orbit 32, 171 expressions, facial 99, 173 fruit 98, 106, 115
food chains 107 human 146 bullet train 260 classical music 176 currency 169 orbits the sun 32 eyes 54, 119, 226 fungi 38, 174
298 299
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