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2. ii) X-ray diffraction: Selected set of samples will be powdered for X-ray diffraction
analysis on a Panalytical X’Pert Pro diffractometer, equipped with a Cu Kɑ X-ray
source and an X’Celerator detector, operating at the following conditions: 40 kV and
40 mA; range 5–80 deg 2θ; step size 0.017 deg 2θ; time per step 50.2 sec; fixed
−1
divergence slit, angle 0.5°; sample rotation 1 rev s . The quantities of the mineral
phases were determined using the Rietveld method.

iii) Major and trace elements: Selected samples will be powdered for bulk major, trace and
REE analyses, undertaken at a established national or international Laboratory facility that
can be a private lab or a university/Institute facility. The elemental analysis was performed
using an ICP-MSPerkinElmer SCIEX ELAN DRC-e. Concentrations of REE+Y will be
normalized to the Post-Archaean Australian Shale (PAAS) representing an estimate for the
composition of average terrigenous input to the oceanic environment. Specifically, REE
fractionation was calculated as PrSN/YbSN (SN, shale normalized) to avoid problems in case
of anomalous La and Ce concentrations. To avoid any anomalous behaviour of La, Ce, Eu
and Gd, the anomalies will be calculated using the geometric equations of Lawrence and
Kamber (2006) and are given as Ce/Ce*, Eu/Eu*, Gd/Gd* and La/La*.

iv)Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy: Thin-sections will
also be examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) FE-SIGMA VP (Carl Zeiss
Microscopy GmbH) with energy-dispersive (EDS) detector (Quantax XFlash 3|10, Bruker
Nano GmbH). Thin-sections will be placed on the mount with carbon conductive tape. Then,
samples were coated with a 20 nm layer of carbon by vacuum coater (Quorum 150T ES).
Furthermore, carbon tape bridges were made for each sample to avoid excessive accumulation
of charge. Analyses were done with 120 μm aperture and 15 keV acceleration voltages. Beam
intensity was 2.5nA and working distance was 7.5 mm.

1. v) Oxygen and carbon stable isotope analysis: Selected samples were analysed for
bulk carbon and oxygen stable isotopes at the Activation Laboratories Ltd., Canada.
Samples were run on a DELTAPlus XL stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS)
coupled with ConFlo III Interface and EA1110 elemental analyser. Standards will be
used for comparison. The results are expressed relative to the Vienna Peedee
Belemnite (VPDB).

14.2 Organization of work element and time schedule of activities giving milestones:

14.2.1. I Year:
I Year: Field work, mapping, sample collection and chemical analysis
14.2.2. II Year:
II Year: Field work, mapping, sample collection, chemical analysis

14.2.3. III Year:
III Year: Field work, mapping, sample collection, chemical analysis manuscript preparation
15. Utilization of research results:

The proposed project will not have any adverse environmental risk and impact.

1. To understand and reconstruct the depositional environment, reconstruct paleo
oxygenation condition of the basin.

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