Page 40 - ANSAMBL IJROCHILIGI: TARIX, NAZARIYA, AMALIYOT: Хalqaro ilmiy-amaliy seminar materiallari to'plami

Afg‘onistonning madaniy vaziyatining hususiyatlari va bu bilan bog‘liq
zamonaviy cholg‘u ansamblning taqdiri haqida ham fikr yuritiladi.
Kalit so‘zlar: Afg‘on rubobi, table, naqqoraxona, miniatyura, ANIM.

Through the ages the territory of Afghanistan has been the crossroad of
Asian civilizations, traditions, societies and ethnicities. The history of the region
shows that Central Asian cultures, and Afghanistan respectively, have been
destroyed many times and rebuilt anew. It was always a territory contested by
political powers. This is true even in the modern era of rapid globalization, when
communication techniques make all cultural structures work according to
universal communication rules. For example, particularly in music, the main
sympathy is mostly received by western oriented popular music. At the same
time, the music and art continue to embrace, even celebrate, its transnational
dimensions while staying true to the local cultures to which it is rooted.
Our auditory and nervous systems are tuned for music. Perhaps we are a
musical species no less than a linguistic one. Moreover, engagement of music
with human emotions, natural and cosmic power, its close connection with the
supernatural and magical has for thousands of years invoked association with
power. Researchers have noted the extraordinary potency of music across time
and space.
Since ancient times thousands of manuscripts in different languages had
mentioned about cosmic qualities of music. It is true that the modern Afghan
concept of music is closely associated with instruments, and thus
unaccompanied religious singing (for example, Taliban’s view) is not considered
music. In medieval manuscripts written by Sufis in chapters about Sama‘ often
mentioned that music and sound have the power to heal body, mind and spirit.
Music is so much more than a series of notes and rhythm, it is a universal
language. Moreover, ‘Music is bound up with identity and memory in a special
way... it has potent emotional connotations and can be used to assert and
negotiate identity in a particularly powerful manner [2, p. 216].
Performing music by ensemble of different musical instruments is closely
related to human emotions, natural and cosmic power. Well known that
different kinds of drums and percussion musical instruments can deeply
affected human mind, and flute - spirit, etc. Thus, through the ages ensemble of
musical instruments went through the natural selection and formed according
to rules of nature and aesthetics based on human’s perception. As a result, we
have chamber ensemble/orchestras and ensembles for open air in all musical
cultures of the world. Archeological artifacts, literary sources (for example,
Firdausi, Jami, Alisher Navai, Binai and others), and miniatures (by Behzad and
others) have preserved depictions and descriptions of musical instruments and
forms of rendering/performing music by ensemble. The mentioned above
second kind of ensemble, which consists of wind (two types of karnay, surnay,
buk) and percussion (different kinds of naghora) musical instruments, is mostly
has been used for different kind of signals in military campaigns and in the

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