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186           THE HISTORY OF THE QUR'ANIC TEXT

                                    From the certificate we can extract the following:


                                    Teacher:           Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Musa
                                    Title of book:     Kitiib as-Sam:
                                    Participants:      'All bin Yahya
                                                       'Abdullah bin Yusuf
                                                       Muhammad bin Isma'tl
                                                       Sulaiman bin al-Hasan
                                                       Nasr, client of 'Abdullah...
                                                       Asba; bin Ja'far
                                                       Lakhm, client of ~ali~
                                                       Hasan bin Miskin bin Shu'ba
                                                       Ahmad bin Ishaq
                                                       Hatim bin Ya'qub
                                                       'Abdul-'Aziz bin Muhammad
                                                       'Ali bin Maslama
                                                       Muhammad bin Mutayyib
                                                       al-Hasan bin Muhammad bin Salih
                                    City:              Asna
                                    Date:              Rabi' al-Awwal 276 A.H.
                                    Pedigree:          "I copied these two volumes from the book of
                                                       Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Musa."45
                                    Original author:   ['Abdullah b. Wahb]

                                    The book begins:


                                      This is Kitiib as-Samt, part of Jiimi' of Ibn Wahb. In the Name of Allah,
                                      Most Gracious, Most Merciful. [The chapter about] speaking when a
                                      matter should not be spoken of, and when it does no good [to speak].
                                      Abu Ishaq informed us that Harrnala bin Yahya stated that 'Abdullah
                                      bin Wahb told him ... 46



                                                 i. The Importance of Reading Notes

                                  Meant to safeguard hadith. compilations from distortion, these certificates
                                  now provide the contemporary scholar with a sea of valuable information.
                                  One can trace a book's proliferation through these notes far better than by
                                  relying solely on bibliographical data, as I will show in the next few pages.

                                   45 J. David-Weill (ed.), Le Iliiimi' d'Ibn VVizhb, lmprimerie De L'Institut Francais
                                  D'Archeologie Orientale, Cairo, 1939,p. 77. I have arranged the information in this
                                  fashion for illustrativepurposes.
                                   46 ibid, p. 4-0.
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