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After some practice, you will become familiar with the sounds
yourself. For easy reference, the keys of the minor scales are coloredin
the picture.Students can practice these scales by pressing or playing
the corresponding keys on their instruments.

d) Raga (Raag)
Raga is a melodic framework or a musical mode consisting of a set
of notes arranged in a specific sequence, often associated with a
particular mood or emotion. Ragas are not fixed compositions but
rather a set of guidelines that provide a framework for improvisation.
Raga has its own characteristics.Except for some exceptions, a raga
should have at least 5 swaras or notes, and at most, it should have
7 swaras or musical notes. A raga using 5 notes is called audava, a
raga using 6 notes is called a shadava, and a raga using 7 notes is
called a raga of sampoorna. Each raga is based on a particular thaat.
Based on the importance of their usage, the notes are named vadi,
samvadi, anuvadi, vivadi, varjya, etc.The singing times of ragas are
also different.Alhaiya Vilaval, Yaman, Bhupali, Durga, Kafi, Bhairav,
Bhairavi, Khamaj, Ashawari, Marwa, Purvi, Todi, etc., are some of
the most prominent ragas.
Except for a few exceptions, all the ragas use the swarasaccording to
the thaatsmentioned above. For example, in the activity below, the
notes of Alap are given with a small introduction to Raga Yaman. Try
to sing and understand with the help of the teacher.

Activity 12.5
(a) On the harmonium or keyboard, play the two notes 'Sa' and 'Pa'
continuously withoutbreaking in between.
(b) Now take a deep breath and sing Sa, Pa in exact harmony with
the tune of the harmonium.
( c) Practice singing some embellishments after vowels in Sa and Pa.

(d) You can also play the hannonium while singing.
(b) Similarly, try to sing the Aaroh, Avaroh and Alapswaras of the
Raga Y aman given below.

Aroh (ascent): Ni Re Ga Ma Dha Ni Sa'
Avroh (descent): Sa' Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa

Pakad:Ni Re Ga Re, Ni Re Sa, Pa Ma Ga Re Ni Re Sa
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