Page 408 - (DK) The Ultimate Visual Dictionary 2nd Ed.

SEA AND AIR

Early passenger FRONT VIEW OF LOCKHEED ELECTRA, 1934

aircraft Flush-riveted

Green starboard metal-skinned
navigation light wing Fuel-jettison
UNTIL THE 1930s, most passenger Leading edge valve
aircraft were biplanes, with two
pairs of wings and a wooden or
metal framework covered with fabric
or, sometimes, plywood. Such aircraft were Static discharge wick
restricted to low speeds and low altitudes because of the drag on their wings.
Many had an open cockpit, situated behind or in front of an enclosed—but
unpressurized—cabin that carried a maximum of 10 people. The passengers
usually sat in wicker chairs that were not bolted to the floor, and the journey could be
bumpy when flying through turbulence. Warm clothing, and ear plugs to reduce the Split flap in
landing position
effects of prolonged noise, were often required. During the 1930s, powerful,
streamlined, all-metal monoplanes, such as the Lockheed Electra shown here,
became widespread. By 1939, the advent of pressurized cabins allowed fast flights
at high altitudes, where there is less turbulence.
PASSENGER CABIN TRIM PANELS
Flying boats were still necessary on many Roof trim panel
Passenger
routes until 1945 because of inadequate
service-panel
runways and the frequency of emergency sea Forward bulkhead aperture
landings. World War II, however, upper panel Ashtray
resulted in enough good Starboard wall
runways being built for land- forward panel
planes to become standard
Cockpit
on all major airline routes.
door
panel

Cockpit Forward bulkhead lower panel Starboard wall
windshield Sliding Emergency mid-forward panel
window escape hatch
Oil Steel firewall Air intake
SIDE VIEW OF LOCKHEED tank Passenger
ELECTRA, 1934 window
Ventilator
exit
Nose
Propeller pitch-change
cylinder

Blade counterweight

Spinner mounting disc
Exhaust
Variable-pitch collector
propeller ring Landing Electrically
gear door driven split flap
Pratt & Whitney Red port Exhaust Passenger door
nine-cylinder radial navigation pipe Static
engine light discharge Aileron
Brake pipe
Main landing gear wick
Aluminum wheel Fender Metal-skinned wing

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