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Chemistry Form 4 • MODULE

SALT
7
GARAM

PREPARATION OF SALTS / PENYEDIAAN GARAM

• THE MEANING OF SALTS / MAKSUD GARAM
– To write the meaning of salts and the formulae for all types of salt that are commonly found in this topic.
Menyatakan maksud garam dan menulis formula semua jenis garam yang biasa ditemui dalam tajuk ini.
• THE SOLUBILITY OF SALTS / KETERLARUTAN GARAM
– To determine the solubility of nitrate, sulphate, carbonate and chloride salts.
Menentukan keterlarutan semua garam nitrat, sulfat, karbonat dan klorida.
• EXPERIMENTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SALTS BASED ON SOLUBILITY
EKSPERIMEN PENYEDIAAN GARAM BERDASARKAN KETERLARUTAN
– To determine the suitable methods for the preparation of salts based on solubility:
Menentukan kaedah yang sesuai bagi penyediaan garam berdasarkan keterlarutan:
i. Acid + metal / Asid + logam ii. Acid + metal oxides / Asid + oksida logam
iii. Acid + alkali / Asid + alkali iv. Acid + metal carbonate / Asid + karbonat logam
v. Double decomposition reaction / Tindak balas penguraian ganda dua
– To describe the experiments for each method of preparation and explain the rationale for each step.
Menghuraikan eksperimen bagi setiap jenis kaedah penyediaan serta menerangkan rasional setiap langkah.

CALCULATION ON QUANTITY OF REACTANTS/PRODUCTS [ QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ]
PENGHITUNGAN KUANTITI BAHAN/HASIL [ ANALISIS KUANTITATIF]

• CONTINUOUS VARIATIONS METHODS / KAEDAH PERUBAHAN BERTERUSAN
– To describe the methods of experiment to determine the formulae of insoluble salts.
Menghuraikan eksperimen bagi kaedah penentuan formula garam tak larut.
• SOLVING VARIOUS PROBLEMS RELATING TO QUANTITY OF REACTANTS/PRODUCTS IN SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS
FORMS
MENYELESAIKAN PELBAGAI MASALAH BERKAITAN KUANTITI BAHAN DALAM BENTUK PEPEJAL, LARUTAN DAN GAS
– Using the formula / Menggunakan formula:
MV Mass / Jisim
i. n = ii. Mole / Mol =
1 000 RAM/RMM/RFM / JAR/JMR/JFR
iii. The molar volume of gas at room temperature and s.t.p / Isi padu molar gas pada suhu bilik dan s.t.p

IDENTIFICATION OF IONS [ QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ] / MENGENAL ION [ ANALISIS KUALITATIF ]
• ACTION OF HEAT ON SALTS / KESAN HABA KE ATAS GARAM
– To state the colour of the residue of lead(II) oxide, zinc oxide and copper(II) oxide.
Menyatakan warna baki bagi plumbum(II) oksida, zink oksida dan kuprum(II) oksida.
– To state the confirmatory tests for carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
Menyatakan ujian pengesahan bagi gas karbon dioksida dan nitrogen dioksida.
– To write the equations of the decomposition of carbonate and nitrate salts.
Menulis persamaan penguraian semua garam karbonat dan nitrat.
• CONFIRMATORY TEST CATIONS AND ANIONS / UJIAN PENGESAHAN KATION DAN ANION
– To state the confirmatory tests for all cations using sodium hydroxide and ammonia solution.
Menghuraikan ujian pengesahan semua kation menggunakan natrium hidroksida dan larutan ammonia.
3+
– To state the confirmatory tests to differentiate Al and Pb .
2+
2+
Menghuraikan ujian untuk membezakan Al dan Pb .
3+
– To state the confirmatory tests for anions of sulphate, nitrate, carbonate and chloride.
Menghuraikan ujian pengesahan anion sulfat, nitrat, karbonat dan klorida.

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Nilam Publication Sdn. Bhd.

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