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Nickel Supply





        •    The first quartile of the 2020 CRU cash cost curve is
             dominated by concentrates operations.                                                           NPI            Conc           HPAL             FeNi



        •    These operations benefit from tried and tested low-cost

             froth floatation processing along with revenue streams
             from multiple metals as these mines are generally
             polymetallic in nature.



        •    In 2022, the lowest cost sites are Platinum mines                                 CRU value adjusted cash cost, including royalties 2022 Nickel Cash Price

             producing nickel as by products (South Africa) alongside
             some PGM rich mines in Russia (Polar) and Canada
             (Glencore INO, Vale Sudbury)



        •    There are 2 main definitions of mine costs; cash costs and

             all-in-sustaining cost. In effect, they show how much it
             costs a mining operation to produce a tonne of Nickel.                                                                                  Cumulative nickel production, '000
                                                                                                                                                                 tonnes











        Data: CRU                                                                                                                                                                        10
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