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Nickel Production Outlook




           Sulphide grade decline driven by aging operations and potential entry                      All nickel supplying geographies are expected to show grade decline
           of new, low-grade projects                                                                 over the next decade


           Nickel average mined grade by ore type %                                                 Nickel average mined grade by country  , %
                                                                                                                                    1
                                           1,
           2.5                                                      Sulphide                         2.5                              South Africa    Brazil       Canada      Russia
                                                                                                                                      Indonesia       Australia    China

           2.0                                                                                       2.0




           1.5                                                                                       1.5




           1.0                                                                                       1.0
                                                                                        -28%

           0.5                                                                                       0.5




                                                                                                     0.0
             2010               2020              2030              2040               2050            2010                2020               2030                2040               2050









         1 - unconstrained, including probable, possible and speculative projects as supply
        Data: CRU                                                                                                                                                                        15
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