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Nickel Costs: Story of 2022



         Only 4% y-o-y increase was noted for the                                                           HPAL site costs noted the highest increase caused by higher
         concentrate miners site costs                                                                      Sulphur price, power costs spike and ramp up of new operations
         Site costs by driver, 2020-2026                                                                    Site costs by driver, 2020-2026
          16,000                                                                                            16,000
                                                                          +4%                                                                                               +15%




           8,000                                                                                             8,000


                                                                                      Ore Purchase Costs
                                                                                      Labour Costs
               0                                                                                                 0
               2020              2022               2024              2026            Power Costs                 2020              2022              2024              2026
         NPI and FeNi costs are highly sensitive to energy costs,                     Fuel Costs
         ore price                                                                    Coke Costs             • The highest inflation was noted for HPAL operations. The
         Site costs by driver, 2020-2026                                              Consumables Costs         increase can be attributed to high increase in sulphur price
                                                                                      Maintenance Costs
          16,000                                                                                                (~10% YOY), fuel cost increase due to diesel price and finally new
                                                                                                                capacity in ramp up (higher costs vs. fully ramped up operation)
                                                                           +2%
                                                                                                             • The increase of NPI and Ferronickel site costs shown on global

           8,000                                                                                                scale is cushioned by influx of new Indonesian capacity. The
                                                                                                                domestic ore prices is Indonesia although higher than in 2021
                                                                                                                are not nearly as high as the import prices for Chinese or
                                                                                                                Japanese producers. Power costs increase is in line with the coal
               0                                                                                                price inflation.
               2020              2022               2024              2026
        Data: CRU                                                                                                                                                                        12
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