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504 SecTioN iii Neurology aNd Special SeNSeS ` neurology—AnAtomy And Physiology Neurology aNd Special SeNSeS ` neurology—AnAtomy And Physiology
Ventricular system Lateral ventricles 3rd ventricle via right and
left interventricular foramina of Monro.
Lateral ventricles
Anterior 3rd ventricle 4th ventricle via cerebral
horn aqueduct of Sylvius.
Interventricular
foramina Posterior 4th ventricle subarachnoid space via:
of Monro horn Foramina of Luschka = Lateral.
Inferior
horn Foramen of Magendie = Medial.
Third ventricle
Inferior Foramen of CSF made by choroid plexuses located in
horn Magendie/
Cerebral aqueduct the lateral and fourth ventricles. Travels to
of Sylvius medial
Foramina of Fourth ventricle aperture subarachnoid space via foramina of Luschka
Luschka/lateral Foramina of
aperture Central canal of spinal cord Luschka/lateral and Magendie, is reabsorbed by arachnoid
aperture granulations, and then drains into dural venous
sinuses.
Brain stem—ventral view 4 CN are above pons (I, II, III, IV).
4 CN exit the pons (V, VI, VII, VIII).
Olfactory bulb
Optic chiasm (CN I) 4 CN are in medulla (IX, X, XI, XII).
Olfactory tract 4 CN nuclei are medial (III, IV, VI, XII).
CN II “Factors of 12, except 1 and 2.”
Infundibulum
Optic tract
CN III
Mammillary body CN IV
(arises dorsally
and immediately
decussates)
Pons
CN V
Middle cerebellar CN VI
peduncle CN VII
CN VIII
Pyramid
CN IX
Pyramidal CN X
decussation CN XI
CN XII
C1
Brain stem—dorsal view (cerebellum removed) Pineal gland—melatonin secretion, circadian
rhythms.
3rd ventricle
Superior colliculi—direct eye movements
to stimuli (noise/movements) or objects of
Thalamus
interest.
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculi—auditory.
Inferior colliculus
Pineal gland Your eyes are above your ears, and the superior
Superior cerebellar colliculus (visual) is above the inferior
peduncle colliculus (auditory).
Middle cerebellar
Anterior wall of peduncle
fourth ventricle
Inferior cerebellar
peduncle
Medulla
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