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[7]标准差仅为+0.15。


                [8]Rosser, P.(1992). The SAT Gender Gap:ETS Responds:Washington, D.C.:
                Center for Women Policy Studies.

                [9]此项考试后来被称为“0”水准考试。


                [10]例如2003-2004年评分为A、B和C的学生中,51%是女孩。

                [11]Becker,  J. ( 1981 ) .  Differential  Treatment  of  Females  and  Males  in
                Mathematics Class.Journal for Research in Mathematics Education,12(1),
                pp.40-53.


                [12]Herzig,  A. ( 2004 ) .  Becoming  Mathematicians : Women  andStudents  of
                Color  Choosing  and  Leaving  Doctoral  Mathematics.Review  of  Educational
                Research,74(2),pp.171-214.

                [13]Herzig,  A. ( 2004 ) .  Slaughtering  This  Beautiful  Mathematics : Graduate
                Women Choosing and Leaving Mathematics.Gender and Education,16(3),
                pp.379-395.


                [14]Cohen, M.(1999).“A Habit of Healthy Idleness':Boys'Underachievement in
                Historical  Perspective.”In  D.  Epstein,  J.Elwood & V.Hey ( eds. ) , Failing  Boys?
                Issues  in  Gender  and  Achievement.Buckingham,  England : Open  University
                Press, p.24.


                [15]Bennett, J. cited in ibid.,p.25.

                [16]Rogers, P.,&Kaiser, G.(eds.)(1995). Equity in Mathematics Education:
                Infuences of Feminism and Culture.London:Falmer Press.




                 07  数学应该怎样学  关键策略与辅助教学方法



                [1]Gray,  E. , & Tall,  D. ( 1994 ) .  Duality,  Ambiguity,  and  Flexibility :
                A“Proceptual”View  of  Simple  Arithmetic.Journal  for  Research  in  Mathematics
                Education,25(2),pp.116-140.


                [2]Thurston,  W.  P. ( 1990 ) .Mathematical  Education.Notices  of  the  American
                Mathematical Society,37,pp.844-850.
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