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Elite Fragmentation and Party Splits 53

BN had won 82 of these seats, with UMNO the biggest contributor, with 71
seats, followed by Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB, United Bumiputera
Heritage Party) with 5, the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) with 4,
and the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) and Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
(Gerakan, Malaysian People’s Movement Party) each with one (see Table 3.3).
In GE14, UMNO’s tally of Malay seats fell drastically, to 46 seats, while MIC
and Gerakan lost all the seats they contested and MCA won only 1 (a Malay-
majority seat). UMNO Sabah contributed only seven seats out of 46 that
the Malay party won, representing a 50 per cent drop from the number of
seats that it won in GE13. PBB, on the other hand, maintained its 100 per
cent record, by winning all ve of Sarawak’s Malay seats. Moreover, the BN’s
popular vote in Malay seats dropped drastically, from 52.3 per cent in 2013 to
38.2 per cent in 2018.

Table 3.3 Number of Malay-majority seats contested and won, 2018 and
2013

2018 2013
Seats Seats Popular Seats Seats Popular Change in
contested won vote contested won vote popular vote
UMNO 102 46 113 71
PBB 5 5 5 5
MCA 11 1 38.2 8 4 52.3 –14.1
MIC 3 0 2 1
Gerakan 1 0 1 1
PAS 116 18 25.6 64 20 24.0 – 1.6
PKR 40 30 53 17
Amanah 29 9 – –
Bersatu 51 12 36.1 – – 22.9 –13.2
DAP 2 1 2 0
Total 360 122 99.9 238 119 99.2
Source: Extracted from e Star 2018b; Election Commission 2015.

Against these BN losses, the biggest gainer was PH, securing 52 Malay-
majority seats. Among PH component parties, PKR was the best performer,
winning 30 of these seats, followed by Bersatu (12), Amanah (9), and DAP
(1). PKR is now the biggest Malay governing party, in terms of representation
in parliament, while UMNO is the biggest Malay opposition party. e still-

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