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(c)       be the orthogonal projection of onto the -plane. Show that              .

     Let
25.

26.                be a linear transformation, and let k be a scalar. Define the function                   by
         (a) Let       . Show that is a linear transformation.

         (b) Find  if is given by the formula                                                 .

27.                and     be linear transformations. Define the functions                                        and
         (a) Let       by

     Show that       and   are linear transformations.                         are given by the formulas
(b) Find
                    and           if and
                   and           .

28.
         (a) Prove that if , , , and are any scalars, then the formula

     defines a linear operator on .                          define a linear operator on ? Explain.
(b) Does the formula

     Let           be a basis for a vector space V, and let             be a linear transformation. Show that if
29.
                           , then T is the zero transformation.
     Let
30.                be a basis for a vector space V, and let             be a linear operator. Show that if             ,

                  ,…, , then T is the identity transformation on V.

31. (For Readers Who Have Studied Calculus) Let
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