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584 Exercise and Physical Activity in Diabetes Mellitus

This activity pyramid presents a tiered set of weekly and Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Virginia, USA, Exercise and
goals to promote improved cardio respiratory fitness Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, 2013, pages135 -145.
and health by negating the constellation of bio chem- 5. Dareen K. McGuire Nikolaus Marx, Effect of Lifestyle Interventions on
ical changes leading to cardiovascular risk. Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients with Diabetes, Saunders – Elsevier
Inc., Diabetes in Cardiovascular Disease, Philadelphia, USA, Read Elsevier
India Private Limited, 2015, pages 139-153.
Prevention of T2DM :
Epidemiological studies have shown that reduction
of 30% to 40% developing T DM with brisk walking
2
for at least 30min/day. Clinical trials demonstrated
that regular walking or other moderate exercise in
addition to dietary change and modest weight loss-
es resulted in a 58% reduction in the transition of
pre-diabetes to diabetes. In the Nurses Health Study,
moderate and vigorous levels of physical activity are
associated with reduced incidence of overall cardio-
vascular events among diabetic women aged 30-55
years.

Summary :
The incidence of diabetes mellitus increasing expo-
nentially all over the world throwing more burden on
the health care delivery system.
Sedentary life style not only increases the burden of
diabetes but also jeopardizes the cardiovascular sys-
tem in the form of clustering of metabolic risk factors.
Regular physical exercise produces several cardio-
vascular benefits in diabetes which out-weigh the
risk associated with it.
Cardiovascular benefits of exercise in terms of antia-
therosclerotic, antithrombotic, antiinflammatory, anti
arrhythmic and psycho social well being are much be
beneficial in diabetes.
Before undertaking an exercise program of any type
in both T DM and T DM, a prudent screening and ap-
2
1
propriate formulation inculcating special precautions
are mandatory.
For recommending and prescribing an exercise pro-
gram, guidelines of authorities like ADA, ACSM and
others to be incorporated.

References :
1. Balducci S, Zanuso S, Cardelli P, et al: Changes in physical fitness predict
improvements in modifiable cardiovascular risk factors independently of
body weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes participating in the
Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES), Diabetes Care 35(6):1347-
1354,2012.
2. Green DJ. O’Driscoll G, Joyner MJ, et al: Exercise and cardiovascular
risk reduction : ti-me to update the rationale for exercise? J Appl Physiol
(2):766-768, 2008.
3. American Diabetes Association Position Statement. Standards of medical
care in diabetes, 2008. Diabetes Care 2008; 31(Suppll):S12-S54.
4. Sheri R. Colberg, Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training for Adults

GCDC 2017