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P. 210
A. Vector loops of cardiac excitation B. ECG curve
mV R
Frontal
plane
Sagittal Vector T
plane cardiogram P
Q I
S
0.08s
R Wave P QRS T
Segment PQ ST
Integral vector
0.12-0.2s ca.0.35s Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Interval PQ QT
Horizontal Heart rate-dependent
plane (after Antoni)
C. Einthoven leads I, II and III (bipolar)
Plate 8.6
I
I
I
II III
III III II
II 2 3
1
D. Goldberger limb leads (unipolar) E. Cabrera circle
–90°
–120° –60°
Right Left
arm I arm –30°
aVL
aVR aVL
II III I 0°
aVR
aVF III aVF II +30°
aVR
+120° +60°
Foot +90°
2
197
1
Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme
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