Page 167 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

Special Airways for Ventilation 133

TABLE 5-4 Distinct Features of the EOA and the EGTA

Esophageal Obturator Airway Esophageal gastric tube Airway

Esophageal intubation Esophageal intubation

Ventilation holes along tube No ventilation holes along tube
Blind distal end Patent distal end

One port on mask for ventilation Two ports on mask (ventilation/gastric tube)
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LARyNGEAL MASk AIRwAy (LMA)

The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) resembles a short endotracheal tube with a
laryngeal mask airway (LMA): A
tube with a small cushioned mask small cushioned, oblong-shaped mask on the distal end (Figure 5-7) (Brain et al.,
on the distal end that provides a 1997; Brimacombe et al., 1998; Verghese et al., 1998). It was invented in England
seal over the laryngeal opening.
in 1981 by anesthesiologist Archie Brain and was available commercially in 1988.
In 1991, this airway device was approved by the Food and Drug Administration
for clinical use in the United States (Ferson et al., 1997). The original LMA (LMA-
The original LMA is Classic) is a reusable device, made primarily of medical-grade silicone rubber and is
reusable. latex-free. With proper care and sterilization, it can be reused up to 40 times.

use of L MA

The cushioned mask of The LMA fills a niche as an airway management tool between a face mask and an
the LMA provides a seal over
the laryngeal opening. It is endotracheal tube (Brimacombe et al. 1996; Fetzer, 1998). When the cushioned
not necessary for the LMA to mask of the LMA is inflated, it provides a seal over the laryngeal opening. It is not
enter the larynx or trachea.

Cuff Aperture Valve
Bar Inflation
Indicator Balloon

Inflation Line

Airway
Courtesy of LMA North America, Inc.
Connector

Mask

Airway Tube
Figure 5-7 The components of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA).

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