Page 408 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

374 Chapter 12

Humidity and Temperature Nutrition
Frequency of Circuit Change Undernutrition
Care of the Artificial Airway Overfeeding
Patency of the Endotracheal Tube Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet
Humidification and Removal of Secretions Total Caloric Requirements
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Phosphate Supplement
Fluid Balance Adjunctive Management Strategies
Distribution of Body Water Low Tidal Volume
Clinical Signs of Extracellular Fluid Deficit Prone Positioning
or Excess Tracheal Gas Insufflation
Treatment of Extracellular Fluid Abnormalities Summary
Electrolyte Balance Self-Assessment Questions
Normal Electrolyte Balance Answers to Self-Assessment Questions
Sodium Abnormalities References
Potassium Abnormalities Additional Resources

Key Terms

alarm mechanical deadspace
anion gap optimal PEEP
auto-PEEP oxygenation
barotrauma (volutrauma) permissive hypercapnia
brachial plexopathy prone positioning
culture and sensitivity refractory hypoxemia
extracellular fluid (ECF) spontaneous ventilation
Gram stain tracheal gas insufflation (TGI)
intracellular fluid (ICF) ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter and completing the review questions, the learner
should be able to:

Select and use the appropriate strategies to improve ventilation by initiating
or altering: ventilator frequency, spontaneous ventilation, ventilator tidal vol-
ume, and permissive hypercapnia.
Select and use the appropriate strategies to improve ventilation by initiating
or altering: FO , mechanical deadspace, circulation, hemoglobin level,
I
2
CPAP, PEEP, IRV, ECMO, and HFOV.
Interpret blood gas results based on multiple abnormalities or due to chang-
ing patient conditions.
Troubleshoot and resolve common ventilator alarms and events.
Provide proper care to the ventilator circuit and artificial airway.

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