Page 403 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

Ventilator Waveform Analysis 369

31. The difference between P and P ALV is: (See Figure 11-38.)
AO
A. PIP. C. PEEP.
B. P . D. C .
TA
LT
32. On a volume-pressure curve, the _______ is assumed to be stable and unchanged if P ALV rises linearly
with increases in volume. (See Figure 11-38.)
A. C C. P TA
LT
B. PIP D. PEEP

33. On a pressure-volume loop, a reduction in C causes the loop to move toward the (See Figure 11-39):
LT
A. y axis. C. pressure axis.
B. volume axis. D. A and B only.

34. On a pressure-volume loop, a reduction in C will not change the P because the gradient between
LT
TA
_______ remains the same. (See Figure 11-39.)
A. P and P C. PIP and P AO
AO
TA
B. P and P ALV D. PIP and P ALV
AO
35. On a pressure-volume loop, an increase in resistance would not affect the _______ while the _______
are increased. (See Figure 11-40.)

A. P ALV ; P and PIP C. P ; PIP and P AO
TA
TA
B. P ALV ; P , PIP, and P D. P ; P , PIP, and P ALV
AO
TA
TA
AO
36. The initial point of inflection (Ipi) occurs when alveoli are recruited during _______. In the presence of
Ipi, _______ can be added slightly above the pressure at the inflection point to prevent the alveoli from
closing during expiration. (See Figure 11-41.)
A. inspiration, PEEP
B. expiration, PEEP
C. inspiration, tidal volume
D. expiration, tidal volume

37. Overinflation of the alveoli causes a(n) _______ in C leading to the appearance of an upper inflection
LT
point (Ipu). The Ipu can be minimized by reducing the _______. (See Figure 11-42.)
A. increase, PEEP C. decrease, PEEP
B. increase, tidal volume D. decrease, tidal volume

38. On a flow-volume loop, the expiratory flow is _______ the horizontal (volume) axis and it is usually
_______ following a successful bronchodilator therapy. (See Figure 11-43.)

A. above, increased C. below, increased
B. above, decreased D. below, decreased

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