Page 747 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

Glossary 713

lung-thorax compliance (C LT ): The relationship of volume and pressure (V/P) that is imposed by the property of the
lungs and thorax. Also called static compliance.
Macintosh blade: a curved laryngoscope blade. Its tip is placed at the vallecula and indirectly lifts the epiglottis for
visualization of the vocal cords.
Magill forceps: Special forceps used to perform nasal intubation under direct vision.
Mallampati classification: A method to evaluate the degree of difficulty in intubation.
mandatory minute ventilation (MMV): MMV is a feature of some ventilators that causes an increase of the mandatory
frequency (the pressure support level in Hamilton Veolar), when the patient’s spontaneous breathing level becomes
inadequate. This compensation by the ventilator ensures an adequate minimal minute ventilation.
mass casualty: A large number of severely injured or deaths that exceeds a timely response from regional support centers.
maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP): Also called negative inspiratory force (NIF). MIP reflects a patient’s respiratory
muscle strength. MIP of less than 220 cm H O (e.g., 210 cm H O) is one of the indications of impending
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ventilatory failure. It is obtained by measuring the maximum negative pressure during a forced inspiratory
maneuver against a closed manometer.
mean airway pressure (mPaw): The average airway pressure during a complete respiratory cycle. It is directly affected
by the respiratory frequency, inspiratory time, peak inspiratory pressure, and positive end-expiratory pressure.

mean arterial pressure: The average blood pressure in the arterial circulation. Normal is .60 mm Hg.
mechanical deadspace: Volume of gas contained in the equipment and supplies (e.g., endotracheal tube, ventilator
circuit) that does not take part in gas exchange.
medical futility: A condition in which medical interventions are useless based on past experience.
microprocessor: Minute computer that is designed to perform specific functions.
Miller blade: A straight laryngoscope blade. It lifts up the epiglottis for visualization of the vocal cords during
intubation.
monoplace hyperbaric chamber: A hyperbaric enclosure (e.g., cylindrical metal or acrylic crystal clear tube) designed
to treat one patient at a time.
multiplace hyperbaric chamber: A large hyperbaric chamber designed to treat more than one patient at a time.
nasal CPAP (N-CPAP): A nasal device for delivering continuous positive pressure to the airway without the need for
intubation. The neonate must have adequate and sustainable spontaneous breathing effort to use nasal CPAP.
nasal mask: A mask that covers only the nose.
nasal pillows: Nasal pillows are a small interface commonly used for CPAP therapy.
neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA): A mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient’s electrical activity
of the diaphragm (EAdi or Edi) guides the optimal functions of the ventilator.
nitric oxide: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy has been used to treat persistent pulmonary hypertension and
hypoxemic respiratory failure of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome and hypoxemic respiratory failure of
older infants and children, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults.
nondepolarizing agents: Drugs that compete with acetylcholine for the receptor sites at the motor endplates, thus
blocking the normal action of acetylcholine and causing muscle blockade. Examples are vecuronium bromide
(Norcuron) and pancuronium bromide (Pavulon).
noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV): NPPV provides assisted ventilation without an artificial airway.
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): OSA is caused by severe air flow obstruction during sleep.
oliguria: Below normal urine output.
operative tube thoracostomy: A technique of test tube placement by dissection into the pleura, digital inspection of the
pleural space, and insertion guided with the finger and hemostat.

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