Page 21 - Color Atlas Of Pathophysiology (S Silbernagl Et Al, Thieme 2000)

A. Homeostasis of Volume and Electrolytes in the Cell
H 2 O Na +
1 3
+
+
Na /K -ATPase
Na +
H 2 O ATP
2
K +
Amino acids, + 4
glucose, etc. K
5 In nerve and
muscle cells:
Cl – Na channels
+
6 2+ + +
1Ca H Na
7 8 9 10
Metabolism
Na + 3Na + Na + Necrosis
Amino acids,
glucose, etc. K +
K + Plate 1.5
Cl –

B. Necrosis
Poisoning Endogenous substances
(e.g. oxidants) (e.g. glutamate)
Hypoglycemia Hypoxia, ischemia
Cell activity
(excitation,
transport)
Phospho-
Glucose O 2 deficiency lipase A 2
deficiency
Lactate
H + Mitochondrial Ca 2+
respiration
Na +
ATP
Anaerobic glycolysis
K +
Oxidants H 2 O Depolarization
Macromolecules
Cl –

Membrane destruction
Cell swelling
Inflammation
Cell death 11

Silbernagl/Lang, Color Atlas of Pathophysiology © 2000 Thieme
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